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Ledger documentation

Find documentation about ledger for SQL Server 2022 and Azure SQL

Ledger overview

Overview

  • What is ledger?

Ledger concepts

Concept

  • What is the database ledger?
  • Append-only ledger tables
  • Updatable ledger tables
  • Digest management
  • Database verification
  • Monitor digest uploads

Ledger quickstarts

Quickstart

  • Create an Azure SQL Database with ledger enabled

Using ledger

How-To Guide

  • Create append-only ledger tables
  • Create updatable ledger tables
  • Enable automatic digest storage
  • Migrate data from regular tables to ledger tables
  • Recover ledger database after tampering
  • Verify a ledger table to detect tampering
  • Configure Azure SQL Managed Instance NSG rules to work with Azure Confidential Ledger

Ledger references

Reference

  • Current ledger limitations
  • Ledger whitepaper

Ledger System Catalog Views

Reference

  • sys.database_ledger_blocks (Transact-SQL)
  • sys.database_ledger_transactions (Transact-SQL)
  • sys.database_ledger_digest_locations (Transact-SQL)
  • sys.ledger_table_history (Transact-SQL)
  • sys.ledger_column_history (Transact-SQL)

Ledger Store Procedures

Reference

  • sys.sp_generate_database_ledger_digest (Transact-SQL)
  • sys.sp_verify_database_ledger (Transact-SQL)
  • sys.sp_verify_database_ledger_from_digest_storage (Transact-SQL)
  • sys.sp_copy_data_in_batches (Transact-SQL)
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Your Privacy Choices
  • SH ICP Filing No. 13015306-25
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  • Microsoft Azure Operated by 21Vianet
  • © Microsoft 2025