Assign Microsoft Entra roles

项目
2025/01/24

This article describes how to assign Microsoft Entra roles to users and groups using the Microsoft Entra admin center, Microsoft Graph PowerShell, or Microsoft Graph API. It also describes how to assign roles at different scopes, such as tenant, application registration, and administrative unit scopes.

You can assign both direct and indirect role assignments to a user. If a user is assigned a role by a group membership, add the user to the group to add the role assignment. For more information, see Use Microsoft Entra groups to manage role assignments.

In Microsoft Entra ID, roles are typically assigned to apply to the entire tenant. However, you can also assign Microsoft Entra roles for different resources, such as application registrations or administrative units. For example, you could assign the Helpdesk Administrator role so that it just applies to a particular administrative unit and not the entire tenant. The resources that a role assignment applies to is also called the scope. Restricting the scope of a role assignment is supported for built-in and custom roles. For more information about scope, see Overview of role-based access control (RBAC) in Microsoft Entra ID.

Microsoft Entra roles in PIM

If you have a Microsoft Entra ID P2 license and Privileged Identity Management (PIM), you have additional capabilities when assigning roles, such as making a user eligible for a role assignment or defining the start and end time for a role assignment. For information about assigning Microsoft Entra roles in PIM, see these articles:

Method	Information
Microsoft Entra admin center	Assign Microsoft Entra roles in Privileged Identity Management
Microsoft Graph PowerShell	Tutorial: Assign Microsoft Entra roles in Privileged Identity Management using Microsoft Graph PowerShell
Microsoft Graph API	Manage Microsoft Entra role assignments using PIM APIs Assign Microsoft Entra roles in Privileged Identity Management

Prerequisites

Privileged Role Administrator
Microsoft Graph PowerShell module when using PowerShell

For more information, see Prerequisites to use PowerShell.

Assign roles with tenant scope

This section describes how to assign roles at tenant scope.

提示

Steps in this article might vary slightly based on the portal you start from.

Sign in to the Microsoft Entra admin center as at least a Privileged Role Administrator.
Browse to Identity > Roles & admins > Roles & admins.
Select a role name to open the role. Don't add a check mark next to the role.
Select Add assignments and then select the users or groups you want to assign to this role.

Only role-assignable groups are displayed. If a group isn't listed, you'll need to create a role-assignable group.

If your experience is different than the following screenshot, you might have Microsoft Entra ID P2 and PIM. For more information, see Assign Microsoft Entra roles in Privileged Identity Management.
Select Add to assign the role.

Follow these steps to assign Microsoft Entra roles using PowerShell.

Open a PowerShell window. If necessary, use Install-Module to install Microsoft Graph PowerShell. For more information, see Prerequisites to use PowerShell.
```
Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser
```

In a PowerShell window, use Connect-MgGraph to sign in to your tenant.

Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory"

Use Get-MgUser to get the user.

$user = Get-MgUser -Filter "userPrincipalName eq 'alice@contoso.com'"

Use Get-MgGroup to get the role-assignable group.

$group = Get-MgGroup -Filter "DisplayName eq 'Contoso Helpdesk'"

Use Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition to get the role you want to assign.

To see the list of role definition IDs for all built-in roles, see Microsoft Entra built-in roles.
```
$roleDefinition = Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition -Filter "displayName eq 'Billing Administrator'"
```
Set tenant as scope of role assignment.
```
$directoryScope = '/'
```

Use New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment to assign the role.

$roleAssignment = New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment `
   -DirectoryScopeId $directoryScope -PrincipalId $user.Id `
   -RoleDefinitionId $roleDefinition.Id

$roleAssignment = New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment `
    -DirectoryScopeId $directoryScope -PrincipalId $group.Id `
    -RoleDefinitionId $roleDefinition.Id

Here's another way that you can assign a role.

$params = @{
   "directoryScopeId" = "/" 
   "principalId" = $group.Id
   "roleDefinitionId" = $roleDefinition.Id
}
$roleAssignment = New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment -BodyParameter $params

Assign roles with app registration scope

Built-in roles and custom roles are assigned by default at tenant scope to grant access permissions over all app registrations in your organization. Additionally, custom roles and some relevant built-in roles (depending on the type of Microsoft Entra resource) can also be assigned at the scope of a single Microsoft Entra resource. This allows you to give the user the permission to update credentials and basic properties of a single app without having to create a second custom role.

This section describes how to assign roles at an application registration scope.

Follow these steps to assign Microsoft Entra roles at application scope using PowerShell.

Open a PowerShell window. If necessary, use Install-Module to install Microsoft Graph PowerShell. For more information, see Prerequisites to use PowerShell.
```
Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser
```

In a PowerShell window, use Connect-MgGraph to sign in to your tenant.

Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "Application.Read.All","RoleManagement.Read.Directory","User.Read.All","RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory"

Use Get-MgUser to get the user.
```
$user = Get-MgUser -Filter "userPrincipalName eq 'alice@contoso.com'"
```
To assign the role to a service principal instead of a user, use the Get-MgServicePrincipal command.

Use Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition to get the role you want to assign.

$roleDefinition = Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition `
   -Filter "displayName eq 'Application Administrator'"

Use Get-MgApplication to get the app registration you want the role assignment to be scoped to.

$appRegistration = Get-MgApplication -Filter "displayName eq 'f/128 Filter Photos'"
$directoryScope = '/' + $appRegistration.Id

Use New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment to assign the role.

$roleAssignment = New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment `
   -DirectoryScopeId $directoryScope -PrincipalId $user.Id `
   -RoleDefinitionId $roleDefinition.Id

Assign roles with administrative unit scope

In Microsoft Entra ID, for more granular administrative control, you can assign a Microsoft Entra role with a scope that's limited to one or more administrative units. When a Microsoft Entra role is assigned at the scope of an administrative unit, role permissions apply only when managing members of the administrative unit itself, and don't apply to tenant-wide settings or configurations.

For example, an administrator who is assigned the Groups Administrator role at the scope of an administrative unit can manage groups that are members of the administrative unit, but they can't manage other groups in the tenant. They also can't manage tenant-level settings related to groups, such as expiration or group naming policies.

This section describes how to assign Microsoft Entra roles with administrative unit scope.

Prerequisites

Microsoft Entra ID P1 or P2 license for each administrative unit administrator
Microsoft Entra ID Free licenses for administrative unit members
Privileged Role Administrator
Microsoft Graph PowerShell module when using PowerShell

For more information, see Prerequisites to use PowerShell.

Roles that can be assigned with administrative unit scope

The following Microsoft Entra roles can be assigned with administrative unit scope. Additionally, any custom role can be assigned with administrative unit scope as long as the custom role's permissions include at least one permission relevant to users, groups, or devices.

Role	Description
Authentication Administrator	Has access to view, set, and reset authentication method information for any non-admin user in the assigned administrative unit only.
Cloud Device Administrator	Limited access to manage devices in Microsoft Entra ID.
Groups Administrator	Can manage all aspects of groups in the assigned administrative unit only.
Helpdesk Administrator	Can reset passwords for non-administrators in the assigned administrative unit only.
License Administrator	Can assign, remove, and update license assignments within the administrative unit only.
Password Administrator	Can reset passwords for non-administrators within the assigned administrative unit only.
Printer Administrator	Can manage printers and printer connectors. For more information, see Delegate administration of printers in Universal Print.
Privileged Authentication Administrator	Can access to view, set and reset authentication method information for any user (admin or non-admin).
SharePoint Administrator	Can manage Microsoft 365 groups in the assigned administrative unit only. For SharePoint sites associated with Microsoft 365 groups in an administrative unit, can also update site properties (site name, URL, and external sharing policy) using the Microsoft 365 admin center. Cannot use the SharePoint admin center or SharePoint APIs to manage sites.
Teams Administrator	Can manage Microsoft 365 groups in the assigned administrative unit only. Can manage team members in the Microsoft 365 admin center for teams associated with groups in the assigned administrative unit only. Cannot use the Teams admin center.
Teams Devices Administrator	Can perform management related tasks on Teams certified devices.
User Administrator	Can manage all aspects of users and groups, including resetting passwords for limited admins within the assigned administrative unit only. Cannot currently manage users' profile photographs.
<Custom role>	Can perform actions that apply to users, groups, or devices, according to the definition of the custom role.

Certain role permissions apply only to nonadministrator users when assigned with the scope of an administrative unit. In other words, administrative unit scoped Helpdesk Administrators can reset passwords for users in the administrative unit only if those users don't have administrator roles. The following list of permissions are restricted when the target of an action is another administrator:

Read and modify user authentication methods, or reset user passwords
Modify sensitive user properties such as telephone numbers, alternate email addresses, or Open Authorization (OAuth) secret keys
Delete or restore user accounts

Security principals that can be assigned with administrative unit scope

The following security principals can be assigned to a role with an administrative unit scope:

Users
Microsoft Entra role-assignable groups
Service principals

Service principals and guest users

Service principals and guest users won't be able to use a role assignment scoped to an administrative unit unless they're also assigned corresponding permissions to read the objects. This is because service principals and guest users don't receive directory read permissions by default, which are required to perform administrative actions. To enable a service principal or guest user to use a role assignment scoped to an administrative unit, you must assign the Directory Readers role (or another role that includes read permissions) at a tenant scope.

It isn't currently possible to assign directory read permissions scoped to an administrative unit. For more information about default permissions for users, see default user permissions.

Assign roles with administrative unit scope

This section describes how to assign roles at administrative unit scope.

Follow these steps to assign Microsoft Entra roles at administrative unit scope using PowerShell.

Open a PowerShell window. If necessary, use Install-Module to install Microsoft Graph PowerShell. For more information, see Prerequisites to use PowerShell.
```
Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser
```

In a PowerShell window, use Connect-MgGraph to sign in to your tenant.

Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "Directory.Read.All","RoleManagement.Read.Directory","User.Read.All","RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory"

Use Get-MgUser to get the user.

$user = Get-MgUser -Filter "userPrincipalName eq 'alice@contoso.com'"

Use Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition to get the role you want to assign.

$roleDefinition = Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition `
   -Filter "displayName eq 'User Administrator'"

Use Get-MgDirectoryAdministrativeUnit to get the administrative unit you want the role assignment to be scoped to.

$adminUnit = Get-MgDirectoryAdministrativeUnit -Filter "displayName eq 'Seattle Admin Unit'"
$directoryScope = '/administrativeUnits/' + $adminUnit.Id

Use New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment to assign the role.

$roleAssignment = New-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignment `
   -DirectoryScopeId $directoryScope -PrincipalId $user.Id `
   -RoleDefinitionId $roleDefinition.Id

Assign Microsoft Entra roles

Microsoft Entra roles in PIM

Prerequisites

Assign roles with tenant scope

Assign roles with app registration scope

Assign roles with administrative unit scope

Prerequisites

Roles that can be assigned with administrative unit scope

Security principals that can be assigned with administrative unit scope

Service principals and guest users

Assign roles with administrative unit scope

Next steps

其他资源