使用 Azure PowerShell 和 Key Vault 证书配置 TLS 终止

Artículo
08/21/2024

Azure Key Vault 是平台托管的机密存储，可以用来保证机密、密钥和 TLS/SSL 证书的安全。 Azure 应用程序网关支持与密钥保管库集成，以存储附加到支持 HTTPS 的侦听器的服务器证书。此支持仅限于应用程序网关 v2 SKU。

有关详细信息，请参阅使用 Key Vault 证书实现 TLS 终止。

本文介绍如何使用 Azure PowerShell 脚本将密钥保管库与应用程序网关集成，以获取 TLS/SSL 终止证书。

本文需要使用 Azure PowerShell 模块 1.0.0 版或更高版本。若要查找版本，请运行 Get-Module -ListAvailable Az。如果需要进行升级，请参阅 Install Azure PowerShell module（安装 Azure PowerShell 模块）。若要运行本文中的命令，还需要通过运行 Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud 来创建与 Azure 的连接。

如果没有 Azure 订阅，可在开始前创建一个试用帐户。

先决条件

在开始之前，必须已安装 ManagedServiceIdentity 模块：

Install-Module -Name Az.ManagedServiceIdentity
Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud
Select-AzSubscription -Subscription <your subscription>

示例脚本

设置变量

$rgname = "KeyVaultTest"
$location = "China North 2"
$kv = "<your key vault name>"
$appgwName = "AppGwKVIntegration"

重要

密钥保管库名称必须是全局唯一的。

创建资源组和用户管理的标识

$resourceGroup = New-AzResourceGroup -Name $rgname -Location $location
$identity = New-AzUserAssignedIdentity -Name "appgwKeyVaultIdentity" `
  -Location $location -ResourceGroupName $rgname

创建应用程序网关要使用的密钥保管库、策略和证书

$keyVault = New-AzKeyVault -Name $kv -ResourceGroupName $rgname -Location $location
Set-AzKeyVaultAccessPolicy -VaultName $kv -PermissionsToSecrets get -ObjectId $identity.PrincipalId

$policy = New-AzKeyVaultCertificatePolicy -ValidityInMonths 12 `
  -SubjectName "CN=www.contoso11.com" -IssuerName self `
  -RenewAtNumberOfDaysBeforeExpiry 30
Set-AzKeyVaultAccessPolicy -VaultName $kv -EmailAddress <your email address> -PermissionsToCertificates create,get,list
$certificate = Add-AzKeyVaultCertificate -VaultName $kv -Name "cert1" -CertificatePolicy $policy
$certificate = Get-AzKeyVaultCertificate -VaultName $kv -Name "cert1"
$secretId = $certificate.SecretId.Replace($certificate.Version, "")

创建虚拟网络

$sub1 = New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig -Name "appgwSubnet" -AddressPrefix "10.0.0.0/24"
$sub2 = New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig -Name "backendSubnet" -AddressPrefix "10.0.1.0/24"
$vnet = New-AzvirtualNetwork -Name "Vnet1" -ResourceGroupName $rgname -Location $location `
  -AddressPrefix "10.0.0.0/16" -Subnet @($sub1, $sub2)

创建静态公共虚拟 IP (VIP) 地址

$publicip = New-AzPublicIpAddress -ResourceGroupName $rgname -name "AppGwIP" `
  -location $location -AllocationMethod Static -Sku Standard

创建池和前端端口

$gwSubnet = Get-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig -Name "appgwSubnet" -VirtualNetwork $vnet

$gipconfig = New-AzApplicationGatewayIPConfiguration -Name "AppGwIpConfig" -Subnet $gwSubnet
$fipconfig01 = New-AzApplicationGatewayFrontendIPConfig -Name "fipconfig" -PublicIPAddress $publicip
$pool = New-AzApplicationGatewayBackendAddressPool -Name "pool1" `
  -BackendIPAddresses testbackend1.chinanorth2.chinacloudapp.cn, testbackend2.chinanorth2.chinacloudapp.cn
$fp01 = New-AzApplicationGatewayFrontendPort -Name "port1" -Port 443
$fp02 = New-AzApplicationGatewayFrontendPort -Name "port2" -Port 80

让 TLS/SSL 证书指向密钥保管库

$sslCert01 = New-AzApplicationGatewaySslCertificate -Name "SSLCert1" -KeyVaultSecretId $secretId

创建侦听器、规则和自动缩放

$listener01 = New-AzApplicationGatewayHttpListener -Name "listener1" -Protocol Https `
  -FrontendIPConfiguration $fipconfig01 -FrontendPort $fp01 -SslCertificate $sslCert01
$listener02 = New-AzApplicationGatewayHttpListener -Name "listener2" -Protocol Http `
  -FrontendIPConfiguration $fipconfig01 -FrontendPort $fp02
$poolSetting01 = New-AzApplicationGatewayBackendHttpSetting -Name "setting1" -Port 80 `
  -Protocol Http -CookieBasedAffinity Disabled
$rule01 = New-AzApplicationGatewayRequestRoutingRule -Name "rule1" -RuleType basic `
  -BackendHttpSettings $poolSetting01 -HttpListener $listener01 -BackendAddressPool $pool
$rule02 = New-AzApplicationGatewayRequestRoutingRule -Name "rule2" -RuleType basic `
  -BackendHttpSettings $poolSetting01 -HttpListener $listener02 -BackendAddressPool $pool
$autoscaleConfig = New-AzApplicationGatewayAutoscaleConfiguration -MinCapacity 3
$sku = New-AzApplicationGatewaySku -Name Standard_v2 -Tier Standard_v2

将用户管理的标识分配给应用程序网关

$appgwIdentity = New-AzApplicationGatewayIdentity -UserAssignedIdentityId $identity.Id

创建应用程序网关

$appgw = New-AzApplicationGateway -Name $appgwName -Identity $appgwIdentity -ResourceGroupName $rgname `
  -Location $location -BackendAddressPools $pool -BackendHttpSettingsCollection $poolSetting01 `
  -GatewayIpConfigurations $gipconfig -FrontendIpConfigurations $fipconfig01 `
  -FrontendPorts @($fp01, $fp02) -HttpListeners @($listener01, $listener02) `
  -RequestRoutingRules @($rule01, $rule02) -Sku $sku `
  -SslCertificates $sslCert01 -AutoscaleConfiguration $autoscaleConfig

后续步骤

了解有关 TLS 终止的详细信息

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