以应用身份从安全的应用访问 Microsoft Graph

# Install the module.
# Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser

# The tenant ID
$TenantId = "aaaabbbb-0000-cccc-1111-dddd2222eeee"

# The name of your web app, which has a managed identity.
$webAppName = "SecureWebApp-20201106120003" 
$resourceGroupName = "SecureWebApp-20201106120003ResourceGroup"

# The name of the app role that the managed identity should be assigned to.
$appRoleName = "User.Read.All"

# Get the web app's managed identity's object ID.
Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud -Tenant $TenantId
$managedIdentityObjectId = (Get-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $webAppName).identity.principalid

Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId $TenantId -Scopes 'Application.Read.All','AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite.All'

# Get Microsoft Graph app's service principal and app role.
$serverApplicationName = "Microsoft Graph"
$serverServicePrincipal = (Get-MgServicePrincipal -Filter "DisplayName eq '$serverApplicationName'")
$serverServicePrincipalObjectId = $serverServicePrincipal.Id

$appRoleId = ($serverServicePrincipal.AppRoles | Where-Object {$_.Value -eq $appRoleName }).Id

# Assign the managed identity access to the app role.
New-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignment `
    -ServicePrincipalId $managedIdentityObjectId `
    -PrincipalId $managedIdentityObjectId `
    -ResourceId $serverServicePrincipalObjectId `
    -AppRoleId $appRoleId

az login

webAppName="SecureWebApp-20201106120003"

spId=$(az resource list -n $webAppName --query [*].identity.principalId --out tsv)

graphResourceId=$(az ad sp list --display-name "Microsoft Graph" --query [0].id --out tsv)

appRoleId=$(az ad sp list --display-name "Microsoft Graph" --query "[0].appRoles[?value=='User.Read.All' && contains(allowedMemberTypes, 'Application')].id" --output tsv)

uri=https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/v1.0/servicePrincipals/$spId/appRoleAssignments

body="{'principalId':'$spId','resourceId':'$graphResourceId','appRoleId':'$appRoleId'}"

az rest --method post --uri $uri --body $body --headers "Content-Type=application/json"

ChainedTokenCredential、ManagedIdentityCredential 和 EnvironmentCredential 类用于为你的代码获取令牌凭据以授权对 Microsoft Graph 的请求。 创建 ChainedTokenCredential 类的实例，该类使用应用服务环境中的托管标识或开发环境变量来提取令牌并将其附加到服务客户端。 下面的代码示例获取经过身份验证的令牌凭据，并使用它创建服务客户端对象，该对象将获取组中的用户。

若要查看作为示例应用程序一部分的代码，请参阅 GitHub 上的示例。

安装 Microsoft.Identity.Web.GraphServiceClient 客户端库包

使用 .NET 命令行接口 (CLI) 或 Visual Studio 中的包管理器控制台，在项目中安装 Microsoft.Graph 和 Microsoft.Identity.Web.GraphServiceClient NuGet 包。

.NET CLI

打开一个命令行，并切换到包含项目文件的目录。

运行安装命令。

dotnet add package Microsoft.Identity.Web.GraphServiceClient
dotnet add package Microsoft.Graph

程序包管理器控制台

在 Visual Studio 中打开项目/解决方案，并使用“工具”“NuGet 包管理器”“包管理器控制台”命令打开控制台。

运行安装命令。

Install-Package Microsoft.Identity.Web.GraphServiceClient
Install-Package Microsoft.Graph

示例

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.RazorPages;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Graph;
using Azure.Identity;

...

public IList<MSGraphUser> Users { get; set; }

public async Task OnGetAsync()
{
    // Create the Graph service client with a ChainedTokenCredential which gets an access
    // token using the available Managed Identity or environment variables if running
    // in development.
    var credential = new ChainedTokenCredential(
        new ManagedIdentityCredential(),
        new EnvironmentCredential());

    string[] scopes = new[] { "https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default" };

    var graphServiceClient = new GraphServiceClient(
        credential, scopes);

    List<MSGraphUser> msGraphUsers = new List<MSGraphUser>();
    try
    {
        //var users = await graphServiceClient.Users.Request().GetAsync();
        var users = await graphServiceClient.Users.GetAsync();
        foreach (var u in users.Value)
        {
            MSGraphUser user = new MSGraphUser();
            user.userPrincipalName = u.UserPrincipalName;
            user.displayName = u.DisplayName;
            user.mail = u.Mail;
            user.jobTitle = u.JobTitle;

            msGraphUsers.Add(user);
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        string msg = ex.Message;
    }

    Users = msGraphUsers;
}

DefaultAzureCredential 包中的 DefaultAzureCredential 类用于获取代码的令牌凭据，以授权对 Azure 存储的请求。 创建 DefaultAzureCredential 类的实例，该类使用托管标识提取令牌并将其附加到服务客户端。 下面的代码示例获取经过身份验证的令牌凭据，并使用它创建服务客户端对象，该对象将获取组中的用户。

示例

const graphHelper = require('../utils/graphHelper');
const { DefaultAzureCredential } = require("@azure/identity");

exports.getUsersPage = async(req, res, next) => {

    const defaultAzureCredential = new DefaultAzureCredential();
    
    try {
        const tokenResponse = await defaultAzureCredential.getToken("https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default");

        const graphClient = graphHelper.getAuthenticatedClient(tokenResponse.token);

        const users = await graphClient
            .api('/users')
            .get();

        res.render('users', { user: req.session.user, users: users });   
    } catch (error) {
        next(error);
    }
}

为了查询 Microsoft Graph，该示例使用 Microsoft Graph JavaScript SDK。

getAuthenticatedClient = (accessToken) => {
    // Initialize Graph client
    const client = graph.Client.init({
        // Use the provided access token to authenticate requests
        authProvider: (done) => {
            done(null, accessToken);
        }
    });

    return client;
}