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通过使用 PowerShell 代表单个用户授予同意

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本文介绍如何使用 PowerShell 代表单个用户授予同意。

当用户为自己授予同意时，以下事件会更频繁地发生：

  1. 为客户端应用程序创建一个服务主体（如果不存在）。 服务主体是 Microsoft Entra 租户中的应用程序或服务的实例。 向应用或服务授予的访问权限与此服务主体对象相关联。

  2. 对于应用程序需要访问的每个 API，将为应用程序对该 API 所需的权限创建委托的权限授予。 将代表用户授予该访问权限。 委托的权限授予将授权应用程序在用户登录时代表该用户访问 API。

  3. 为用户分配客户端应用程序。 为用户分配应用程序可确保在我的应用门户中为该用户列出此应用程序。 用户可以从“我的应用”门户查看和撤销代表其授予的访问权限。

先决条件

若要代表一个用户向应用程序授予同意，需要：

  • 具有特权角色管理员、应用程序管理员或云应用程序管理员身份的用户帐户

在开始之前，请从 Microsoft Entra 管理中心记录以下详细信息：

  • 要授予同意的应用的应用 ID。 在本文中，我们将其称为“客户端应用程序”。
  • 客户端应用程序所需的 API 权限。 找到 API 的应用 ID 以及权限 ID 或声明值。
  • 代表被授予访问权限的用户的用户名或对象 ID。

对于此示例，我们使用 Microsoft Graph PowerShell 来代表单个用户授予同意。

要使用 Microsoft Graph PowerShell 代表一个用户向应用程序授予同意，需要至少以云应用程序管理员身份登录。

# The app for which consent is being granted. In this example, we're granting access
# to Microsoft Graph Explorer, an application published by Microsoft.
$clientAppId = "de8bc8b5-d9f9-48b1-a8ad-b748da725064" # Microsoft Graph Explorer

# The API to which access will be granted. Microsoft Graph Explorer makes API 
# requests to the Microsoft Graph API, so we'll use that here.
$resourceAppId = "00000003-0000-0000-c000-000000000000" # Microsoft Graph API

# The permissions to grant. Here we're including "openid", "profile", "User.Read"
# and "offline_access" (for basic sign-in), as well as "User.ReadBasic.All" (for 
# reading other users' basic profile).
$permissions = @("openid", "profile", "offline_access", "User.Read", "User.ReadBasic.All")

# The user on behalf of whom access will be granted. The app will be able to access 
# the API on behalf of this user.
$userUpnOrId = "user@example.com"

# Step 0. Connect to Microsoft Graph PowerShell. We need User.ReadBasic.All to get
#    users' IDs, Application.ReadWrite.All to list and create service principals, 
#    DelegatedPermissionGrant.ReadWrite.All to create delegated permission grants, 
#    and AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite.All to assign an app role.
#    WARNING: These are high-privilege permissions!
Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes ("User.ReadBasic.All Application.ReadWrite.All " `
                        + "DelegatedPermissionGrant.ReadWrite.All " `
                        + "AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite.All")

# Step 1. Check if a service principal exists for the client application. 
#     If one doesn't exist, create it.
$clientSp = Get-MgServicePrincipal -Filter "appId eq '$($clientAppId)'"
if (-not $clientSp) {
   $clientSp = New-MgServicePrincipal -AppId $clientAppId
}

# Step 2. Create a delegated permission that grants the client app access to the
#     API, on behalf of the user. (This example assumes that an existing delegated 
#     permission grant does not already exist, in which case it would be necessary 
#     to update the existing grant, rather than create a new one.)
$user = Get-MgUser -UserId $userUpnOrId
$resourceSp = Get-MgServicePrincipal -Filter "appId eq '$($resourceAppId)'"
$scopeToGrant = $permissions -join " "
$grant = New-MgOauth2PermissionGrant -ResourceId $resourceSp.Id `
                                     -Scope $scopeToGrant `
                                     -ClientId $clientSp.Id `
                                     -ConsentType "Principal" `
                                     -PrincipalId $user.Id

# Step 3. Assign the app to the user. This ensures that the user can sign in if assignment
#     is required, and ensures that the app shows up under the user's My Apps portal.
if ($clientSp.AppRoles | ? { $_.AllowedMemberTypes -contains "User" }) {
    Write-Warning ("A default app role assignment cannot be created because the " `
                 + "client application exposes user-assignable app roles. You must " `
                 + "assign the user a specific app role for the app to be listed " `
                 + "in the user's My Apps portal.")
} else {
    # The app role ID 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 is the default app role
    # indicating that the app is assigned to the user, but not for any specific 
    # app role.
    $assignment = New-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignedTo `
          -ServicePrincipalId $clientSp.Id `
          -ResourceId $clientSp.Id `
          -PrincipalId $user.Id `
          -AppRoleId "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
}

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