基于 Microsoft Graph PowerShell 组的许可示例

2024-12-24

可通过 Azure 门户获取 Microsoft Entra ID（Microsoft Entra 的一部分）中基于组的许可。使用 Microsoft Graph PowerShell Cmdlet 可执行一些有用的任务。

本文将介绍使用 Microsoft Graph PowerShell 的一些示例。

注意

我们计划在 2024 年 3 月 30 日弃用 Azure AD PowerShell。若要了解详细信息，请阅读有关弃用的更新。

我们建议迁移到 Microsoft Graph PowerShell，以便与 Microsoft Entra ID（以前称为 Azure AD）进行交互。 Microsoft Graph PowerShell 在 PowerShell 7 上提供，支持访问所有 Microsoft Graph API。有关常见迁移查询的解答，请参阅迁移常见问题解答。

警告

这些示例仅供演示使用。在生产环境中依赖它们之前，建议先在较小的规模或单独的测试环境中测试它们。可能还需要修改示例，使其满足特定环境的要求。

开始运行 cmdlet 前，请先运行 Connect-MgGraph cmdlet-，确保连接到组织。

将许可证分配给组

基于组的许可提供了一种便捷的方式来管理许可证分配。可以将一个或多个产品许可证分配给组，这些许可证将分配给该组的所有成员。

# Import the Microsoft.Graph.Groups module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Groups
$groupId = "911f05cf-f635-440c-b888-e54c73e0ef1a"

# Create a hashtable to store the parameters for the Set-MgGroupLicense cmdlet
$params = @{
    AddLicenses = @(
        @{
            # Remove the DisabledPlans key as we don't need to disable any service plans
            # Specify the SkuId of the license you want to assign
            SkuId = "c42b9cae-ea4f-4ab7-9717-81576235ccac"
        }
    )
    # Keep the RemoveLicenses key empty as we don't need to remove any licenses
    RemoveLicenses = @(
    )
}

# Call the Set-MgGroupLicense cmdlet to update the licenses for the specified group
# Replace $groupId with the actual group ID
Set-MgGroupLicense -GroupId $groupId -BodyParameter $params

查看分配给组的产品许可证

Get-MgGroup -GroupId 99c4216a-56de-42c4-a4ac-1111cd8c7c41 -Property "AssignedLicenses" | Select-Object -ExpandProperty AssignedLicenses

查看所有分配给组的已禁用服务计划许可证

Get-MgGroup -GroupId 1ad75eeb-7e5a-4367-a493-9214d90d54d0 -Property "AssignedLicenses" | 
    Select-Object -ExpandProperty AssignedLicenses |
    ForEach-Object {
        $_ | Select-Object SkuId, DisabledPlans
    }

获取所有具有许可证的组

# Import the Microsoft.Graph.Groups module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Groups
# Get all groups and licenses
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All
$groupsWithLicenses = @()
# Loop through each group and check if it has any licenses assigned
foreach ($group in $groups) {
    $licenses = Get-MgGroup -GroupId $group.Id -Property "AssignedLicenses, Id, DisplayName" | Select-Object AssignedLicenses, DisplayName, Id
    if ($licenses.AssignedLicenses) {
        $groupData = [PSCustomObject]@{
            ObjectId = $group.Id
            DisplayName = $group.DisplayName
            Licenses = $licenses.AssignedLicenses
        }
        $groupsWithLicenses += $groupData
    }
}

获取具有许可证的组的统计信息

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "User.Read.All", "Directory.Read.All", "Group.ReadWrite.All"
#get all groups with licenses
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseProcessingState | Select-Object DisplayName, State, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.State -eq "ProcessingComplete"}
$groupInfoArray = @()
# Filter the groups to only include those that have licenses assigned
$groups = $groups | Where-Object {$_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null}
# For each group, get the group name, license types, total user count, licensed user count, and license error count
foreach ($group in $groups) {
    $groupInfo = New-Object PSObject
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Group Name" -Value $group.DisplayName
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Group ID" -Value $group.Id
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "License Types" -Value ($group.AssignedLicenses | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SkuId)
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Total User Count" -Value (Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All | Measure-Object).Count
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Licensed User Count" -Value (Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All | Where-Object {$_.      LicenseProcessingState -eq "ProcessingComplete"} | Measure-Object).Count
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "License Error Count" -Value (Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All | Where-Object {$_.LicenseProcessingState -eq "ProcessingFailed"} | Measure-Object).Count
    $groupInfoArray += $groupInfo
}

# Format the output and print it to the console
$groupInfoArray | Format-Table -AutoSize

获取含有许可证错误的所有组

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "Group.Read.All"
# Get all groups in the tenant with license assigned and with errors
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseProcessingState | Select-Object DisplayName, State, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.State -eq "ProcessingFailed" -and $_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null }
# Display the results and format output
$groups | Format-Table -AutoSize

获取组中含有许可证错误的所有用户

如果某个组中包含一些许可证相关的错误，现在可以列出受这些错误影响的所有用户。用户也可可含有其他组中的错误。但在此示例中，通过检查用户的每个 IndirectLicenseError 条目的 ReferencedObjectId 属性，我们仅将结果限于与所涉及组相关的错误。

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "Group.Read.All", "User.Read.All"
# Get all groups in the tenant with license assigned
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null }
#output array
$groupInfoArray = @()
# Get All Members from the groups and check their license status
foreach($group in $groups) {
    $groupMembers = Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseProcessingState | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null }
    foreach($member in $groupMembers) {
        Write-Host "Member $($member.DisplayName)"
        if($member.LicenseProcessingState -eq "ProcessingFailed") {
            $group | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "License Error" -Value $member.DisplayName
            $groupInfoArray += $group
        }
    }
}

# Format the output and print it to the console

if ($groupInfoArray.Length -gt 0) {
    $groupInfoArray | Format-Table -AutoSize
}
else {
    Write-Host "No License Errors"
}

获取整个组织中许可证错误的所有用户

可以使用以下脚本获取一个或多个组中具有许可证错误的所有用户。此脚本将按每个用户、每个许可证错误输出一行，以便可以清楚地确定每个错误的源。

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "User.Read.All"
# Get All Users From the Tenant with licenses assigned
$users = Get-MgUser -All -Property AssignedLicenses, LicenseAssignmentStates, DisplayName | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseAssignmentStates | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedByGroup, State, Error, SkuId
#count the number of users found with errors
$count = 0
# Loop through each user and check the Error property for None value
foreach($user in $users) {
    if($user.Error -ne "None") {
        $count += 1
        Write-Host "User $($user.DisplayName) has a license error"
    }
}
if ($count -le 0) {
 write-host "No user found with license errors"
}

检查用户许可证是直接从组分配还是从组继承

# Connect to Microsoft Graph using `Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID'`
Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "User.Read.All", "Group.Read.All"

# Get all users using Get-MgUser with a filter
$users = Get-MgUser -All -Property AssignedLicenses, LicenseAssignmentStates, DisplayName | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseAssignmentStates | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedByGroup, State, Error, SkuId

$output = @()


# Loop through all users and get the AssignedByGroup Details which will list the groupId
foreach ($user in $users) {
    # Get the group ID if AssignedByGroup is not empty
    if ($user.AssignedByGroup -ne $null)
    {
        $groupId = $user.AssignedByGroup
        $groupName = Get-MgGroup -GroupId $groupId | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DisplayName  
        Write-Host "$($user.DisplayName) is assigned by group - $($groupName)" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ForegroundColor Yellow
        $result = [pscustomobject]@{
            User=$user.DisplayName
            AssignedByGroup=$true
            GroupName=$groupName
            GroupId=$groupId
        }
        $output += $result
    }

    else {
    $result = [pscustomobject]@{
            User=$user.DisplayName
            AssignedByGroup=$false
            GroupName="NA"
            GroupId="NA"
        }
        $output += $result
        Write-Host "$($user.DisplayName) is Not assigned by group" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ForegroundColor Cyan
    }
        
    
}

# Display the result
$output | ft

删除具有组许可证的用户的直接许可证

此脚本的目的是从用户（已从组继承相同许可证）删除不必要的直接许可证；例如，作为转换到基于组的许可的一部分。

注意

若要确保用户不会失去对服务和数据的访问权限，请务必确认直接分配的许可证不会提供比继承的许可证更多的服务功能。目前无法使用 PowerShell 来确定哪些服务是通过继承的许可证启用的，哪些是通过直接许可证启用的。因此，该脚本使用已知从组继承的最低级别的服务来检查并确保用户不会遇到意外的服务丢失。

变量

$groupLicenses：表示分配给组的许可证。
$groupMembers：包含组的成员。
$userLicenses：保存直接分配给用户的许可证。
$licensesToRemove：存储需要从用户中删除的许可证。

# Import the Microsoft.Graph.Users and Microsoft.Graph.Groups modules
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users -Force
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Authentication -Force
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users.Actions -Force
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Groups -Force

Clear-Host

# Connect to Microsoft Graph if not already connected
if ($null -eq (Get-MgContext)) {
    Connect-MgGraph -Environment China -ClientId 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' -TenantId 'YOUR_TENANT_ID' -Scopes "Directory.Read.All, User.Read.All, Group.Read.All, Organization.Read.All" -NoWelcome
}

# Get all groups with licenses assigned
$groupsWithLicenses = Get-MgGroup -All -Property AssignedLicenses, DisplayName, Id | Where-Object { $_.assignedlicenses } | Select-Object DisplayName, Id -ExpandProperty AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, SkuId

$output = @()

# Check if there are any groups with licenses assigned
if ($null -ne groupsWithLicenses) { foreach (group in $groupsWithLicenses) {

# Get the group's licenses
$groupLicenses = $group.SkuId

# Get the group's members
    $groupMembers = Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All

    if ($groupMembers) {
        foreach ($member in $groupMembers) {
            # Check if the member is a user
            if ($member.AdditionalProperties.'@odata.type' -eq '#microsoft.graph.user') {
                Write-Host "Fetching license details for $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" -ForegroundColor Yellow
                
                # Get User With Directly Assigned Licenses Only
                $user = Get-MgUser -UserId $member.Id -Property AssignedLicenses, LicenseAssignmentStates, DisplayName | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseAssignmentStates | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedByGroup, State, Error, SkuId | Where-Object { $_.AssignedByGroup -eq $null }

                $licensesToRemove = @()
                if ($user) {
                    if ($user.count -ge 2) {
                        foreach ($u in $user) {
                            $userLicenses = $u.SkuId
                            $licensesToRemove += $userLicenses | Where-Object { $_ -in $groupLicenses }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Host "No conflicting licenses found for the user $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" -ForegroundColor Green
                    }
                    
                    # Remove the licenses from the user
                    if ($licensesToRemove) {
                        Write-Host "Removing the license $($licensesToRemove) from user $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName) as inherited from group $($group.DisplayName)" -ForegroundColor Green
                        $result = Set-MgUserLicense -UserId $member.Id -AddLicenses @() -RemoveLicenses $licensesToRemove
                        $obj = [PSCustomObject]@{
                            User                      = $result.DisplayName
                            Id                        = $result.Id
                            LicensesRemoved           = $licensesToRemove
                            LicenseInheritedFromGroup = $group.DisplayName
                            GroupId                   = $group.Id
                        }

                        $output += $obj

                    } 
                    else {
                        Write-Host "No action required for $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" -ForegroundColor Green
                        }
        
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Host "The licensed group $($group.DisplayName) has no members, exiting now!!" -ForegroundColor Yellow
        }   
        
    }
    
    $output | Format-Table -AutoSize
}
else {
    Write-Host "No groups found with licenses assigned." -ForegroundColor Cyan
}

后续步骤

若要详细了解用于通过组进行许可证管理的功能集，请参阅以下文章：

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