快速入门：部署具有可用性区域的 Azure 防火墙 - ARM 模板

Artículo
08/12/2024

在本快速入门中，使用 Azure 资源管理器模板（ARM 模板）在三个可用性区域中部署 Azure 防火墙。

Azure 资源管理器模板是定义项目基础结构和配置的 JavaScript 对象表示法 (JSON) 文件。模板使用声明性语法。你可以在不编写用于创建部署的编程命令序列的情况下，描述预期部署。

此模板创建带防火墙的测试网络环境。网络具有一个虚拟网络 (VNet)，其中包含三个子网：AzureFirewallSubnet、ServersSubnet 和 JumpboxSubnet。 ServersSubnet 和 JumpboxSubnet 子网均包含一个单个、双核 Windows Server 虚拟机。

防火墙在 AzureFirewallSubnet 子网中，并配置有一个应用程序规则集合，其中包含允许访问 www.microsoft.com 的单个规则。

用户定义的一个路由，它引导来自 ServersSubnet 子网的网络流量穿过应用了防火墙规则的防火墙。

有关 Azure 防火墙的详细信息，请参阅使用 Azure 门户部署和配置 Azure 防火墙。

如果你的环境满足先决条件，并且你熟悉如何使用 ARM 模板，请选择“部署到 Azure”按钮。 Azure 门户中会打开模板。

先决条件

具有活动订阅的 Azure 帐户。创建试用版订阅。

查看模板

此模板创建具有可用性区域的 Azure 防火墙，以及用于支持 Azure 防火墙的必要资源。

本快速入门中使用的模板来自 Azure 快速启动模板。

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "metadata": {
    "_generator": {
      "name": "bicep",
      "version": "0.28.1.47646",
      "templateHash": "1943314503988412451"
    }
  },
  "parameters": {
    "virtualNetworkName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "test-vnet",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "virtual network name"
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location for all resources."
      }
    },
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Username for the Virtual Machine."
      }
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Password for the Virtual Machine."
      }
    },
    "availabilityZones": {
      "type": "array",
      "defaultValue": [
        "1",
        "2",
        "3"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Availability zone numbers e.g. 1,2,3."
      }
    },
    "numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses": {
      "type": "int",
      "defaultValue": 1,
      "minValue": 1,
      "maxValue": 100,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Number of public IP addresses for the Azure Firewall"
      }
    },
    "jumpBoxSize": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v3",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Size of the virtual machine."
      }
    },
    "serverSize": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v3",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Size of the virtual machine."
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "copy": [
      {
        "name": "azureFirewallIpConfigurations",
        "count": "[length(range(0, parameters('numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses')))]",
        "input": {
          "name": "[format('IpConf{0}', range(0, parameters('numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses'))[copyIndex('azureFirewallIpConfigurations')])]",
          "properties": {
            "subnet": "[if(equals(range(0, parameters('numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses'))[copyIndex('azureFirewallIpConfigurations')], 0), variables('azureFirewallSubnetJSON'), json('null'))]",
            "publicIPAddress": {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPNamePrefix'), add(range(0, parameters('numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses'))[range(0, parameters('numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses'))[copyIndex('azureFirewallIpConfigurations')]], 1)))]"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    ],
    "vnetAddressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
    "serversSubnetPrefix": "10.0.2.0/24",
    "azureFirewallSubnetPrefix": "10.0.1.0/24",
    "jumpboxSubnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
    "nextHopIP": "10.0.1.4",
    "azureFirewallSubnetName": "AzureFirewallSubnet",
    "jumpBoxSubnetName": "JumpboxSubnet",
    "serversSubnetName": "ServersSubnet",
    "jumpBoxPublicIPAddressName": "JumpHostPublicIP",
    "jumpBoxNsgName": "JumpHostNSG",
    "jumpBoxNicName": "JumpHostNic",
    "jumpBoxSubnetId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', parameters('virtualNetworkName'), variables('jumpBoxSubnetName'))]",
    "serverNicName": "ServerNic",
    "serverSubnetId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', parameters('virtualNetworkName'), variables('serversSubnetName'))]",
    "storageAccountName": "[format('{0}sajumpbox', uniqueString(resourceGroup().id))]",
    "azfwRouteTableName": "AzfwRouteTable",
    "firewallName": "firewall1",
    "publicIPNamePrefix": "publicIP",
    "azureFirewallSubnetId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', parameters('virtualNetworkName'), variables('azureFirewallSubnetName'))]",
    "azureFirewallSubnetJSON": "[json(format('{{\"id\": \"{0}\"}}', variables('azureFirewallSubnetId')))]",
    "networkSecurityGroupName": "[format('{0}-nsg', variables('serversSubnetName'))]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
      "name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard_LRS"
      },
      "kind": "Storage",
      "properties": {}
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/routeTables",
      "apiVersion": "2021-03-01",
      "name": "[variables('azfwRouteTableName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "disableBgpRoutePropagation": false,
        "routes": [
          {
            "name": "AzfwDefaultRoute",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "0.0.0.0/0",
              "nextHopType": "VirtualAppliance",
              "nextHopIpAddress": "[variables('nextHopIP')]"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "apiVersion": "2021-03-01",
      "name": "[variables('networkSecurityGroupName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {}
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[parameters('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "tags": {
        "displayName": "[parameters('virtualNetworkName')]"
      },
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "[variables('vnetAddressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets": [
          {
            "name": "[variables('jumpBoxSubnetName')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('jumpboxSubnetPrefix')]"
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "[variables('azureFirewallSubnetName')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('azureFirewallSubnetPrefix')]"
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "[variables('serversSubnetName')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('serversSubnetPrefix')]",
              "routeTable": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/routeTables', variables('azfwRouteTableName'))]"
              },
              "networkSecurityGroup": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('networkSecurityGroupName'))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/routeTables', variables('azfwRouteTableName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('networkSecurityGroupName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "publicIPAddress",
        "count": "[length(range(0, parameters('numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses')))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2021-03-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPNamePrefix'), add(range(0, parameters('numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses'))[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
        "publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4"
      },
      "zones": "[parameters('availabilityZones')]"
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2021-03-01",
      "name": "[variables('jumpBoxPublicIPAddressName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[variables('jumpBoxNsgName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "securityRules": [
          {
            "name": "myNetworkSecurityGroupRuleRDP",
            "properties": {
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange": "*",
              "destinationPortRange": "3389",
              "sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
              "access": "Allow",
              "priority": 1000,
              "direction": "Inbound"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[variables('jumpBoxNicName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "ipconfig1",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('jumpBoxPublicIPAddressName'))]"
              },
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[variables('jumpBoxSubnetId')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "networkSecurityGroup": {
          "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('jumpBoxNsgName'))]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('jumpBoxNsgName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('jumpBoxPublicIPAddressName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', parameters('virtualNetworkName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[variables('serverNicName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "ipconfig1",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[variables('serverSubnetId')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', parameters('virtualNetworkName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "apiVersion": "2021-11-01",
      "name": "JumpBox",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "tags": {
        "AzSecPackAutoConfigReady": true
      },
      "properties": {
        "hardwareProfile": {
          "vmSize": "[parameters('jumpBoxSize')]"
        },
        "storageProfile": {
          "imageReference": {
            "publisher": "MicrosoftCBLMariner",
            "offer": "cbl-mariner",
            "sku": "cbl-mariner-2-gen2",
            "version": "latest"
          },
          "osDisk": {
            "osType": "Linux",
            "createOption": "FromImage",
            "diskSizeGB": 127
          }
        },
        "osProfile": {
          "computerName": "JumpBox",
          "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
          "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]",
          "linuxConfiguration": {
            "patchSettings": {
              "patchMode": "AutomaticByPlatform"
            }
          }
        },
        "networkProfile": {
          "networkInterfaces": [
            {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('jumpBoxNicName'))]"
            }
          ]
        },
        "diagnosticsProfile": {
          "bootDiagnostics": {
            "enabled": true,
            "storageUri": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName')), '2021-08-01').primaryEndpoints.blob]"
          }
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('jumpBoxNicName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "apiVersion": "2021-11-01",
      "name": "Server",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "tags": {
        "AzSecPackAutoConfigReady": true
      },
      "properties": {
        "hardwareProfile": {
          "vmSize": "[parameters('serverSize')]"
        },
        "storageProfile": {
          "imageReference": {
            "publisher": "MicrosoftCBLMariner",
            "offer": "cbl-mariner",
            "sku": "cbl-mariner-2-gen2",
            "version": "latest"
          },
          "osDisk": {
            "osType": "Linux",
            "createOption": "FromImage",
            "diskSizeGB": 127
          }
        },
        "osProfile": {
          "computerName": "Server",
          "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
          "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]",
          "linuxConfiguration": {
            "patchSettings": {
              "patchMode": "AutomaticByPlatform"
            }
          }
        },
        "networkProfile": {
          "networkInterfaces": [
            {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('serverNicName'))]"
            }
          ]
        },
        "diagnosticsProfile": {
          "bootDiagnostics": {
            "enabled": true,
            "storageUri": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName')), '2021-08-01').primaryEndpoints.blob]"
          }
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('serverNicName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/azureFirewalls",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[variables('firewallName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "zones": "[if(equals(length(parameters('availabilityZones')), 0), json('null'), parameters('availabilityZones'))]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": "[variables('azureFirewallIpConfigurations')]",
        "applicationRuleCollections": [
          {
            "name": "appRc1",
            "properties": {
              "priority": 101,
              "action": {
                "type": "Allow"
              },
              "rules": [
                {
                  "name": "appRule1",
                  "protocols": [
                    {
                      "port": 80,
                      "protocolType": "Http"
                    },
                    {
                      "port": 443,
                      "protocolType": "Https"
                    }
                  ],
                  "targetFqdns": [
                    "www.microsoft.com"
                  ],
                  "sourceAddresses": [
                    "10.0.2.0/24"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ],
        "networkRuleCollections": [
          {
            "name": "netRc1",
            "properties": {
              "priority": 200,
              "action": {
                "type": "Allow"
              },
              "rules": [
                {
                  "name": "netRule1",
                  "protocols": [
                    "TCP"
                  ],
                  "sourceAddresses": [
                    "10.0.2.0/24"
                  ],
                  "destinationAddresses": [
                    "*"
                  ],
                  "destinationPorts": [
                    "8000-8999"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "publicIPAddress",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', parameters('virtualNetworkName'))]"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

模板中定义了多个 Azure 资源：

部署模板

将 ARM 模板部署到 Azure：

选择“部署到 Azure”，登录到 Azure 并打开模板。该模板将创建 Azure 防火墙、网络基础结构和两个虚拟机。
在门户中的“创建具有区域的 Azure 防火墙的沙盒设置”页上，键入或选择以下值：
- 资源组：选择“新建”，键入资源组的名称，然后选择“确定”。
- 虚拟网络名称：键入新 VNet 的名称。
- 管理员用户名：键入管理员用户帐户的用户名。
- 管理员密码：键入管理员密码。
阅读条款和条件，选择“我同意上述条款和条件”，然后选择“购买”。部署可能需要 10 分钟或更长时间才能完成。

查看已部署的资源

浏览使用防火墙创建的资源。

若要了解模板中防火墙的 JSON 语法和属性，请参阅 Microsoft.Network/azureFirewalls。

清理资源

当不再需要这些资源时，可以通过运行 PowerShell 命令 Remove-AzResourceGroup 来删除资源组、防火墙和所有相关的资源。若要删除名为 MyResourceGroup 的资源组，请运行：

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name MyResourceGroup

如果计划继续学习防火墙监视教程，请不要删除资源组和防火墙。

后续步骤

接下来，可以监视 Azure 防火墙日志。

教程：监视 Azure 防火墙日志

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