快速入门：使用 ARM 模板创建用以实现 VM 负载均衡的内部负载均衡器

Artículo
08/12/2024

本快速入门介绍如何使用 Azure 资源管理器模板 (ARM 模板) 来创建内部 Azure 负载均衡器。内部负载均衡器将流量分配到位于负载均衡器后端池中的虚拟网络中的虚拟机。除了内部负载均衡器之外，此模板还会创建虚拟网络、网络接口、NAT 网关和 Azure Bastion 实例。

与其他部署方法相比，使用 ARM 模板需要的步骤更少。

Azure 资源管理器模板是定义项目基础结构和配置的 JavaScript 对象表示法 (JSON) 文件。模板使用声明性语法。你可以在不编写用于创建部署的编程命令序列的情况下，描述预期部署。

如果你的环境满足先决条件，并且你熟悉如何使用 ARM 模板，请选择“部署到 Azure”按钮。模板将在 Azure 门户中打开。

先决条件

如果没有 Azure 订阅，请在开始前创建试用版订阅。

查看模板

本快速入门中使用的模板来自 Azure 快速入门模板。

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "metadata": {
    "_generator": {
      "name": "bicep",
      "version": "0.27.1.19265",
      "templateHash": "14348520895393914284"
    }
  },
  "parameters": {
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Admin username"
      }
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Admin password"
      }
    },
    "vmNamePrefix": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "BackendVM",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Prefix to use for VM names"
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location for all resources."
      }
    },
    "vmSize": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v3",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Size of VM"
      }
    },
    "vNetAddressPrefix": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/16",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Virtual network address prefix"
      }
    },
    "vNetSubnetAddressPrefix": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/24",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Backend subnet address prefix"
      }
    },
    "vNetBastionSubnetAddressPrefix": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "10.0.2.0/24",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Bastion subnet address prefix"
      }
    },
    "lbPublicIPAddress": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "10.0.0.6",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Public IP address of load balancer"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "natGatewayName": "lb-nat-gateway",
    "natGatewayPublicIPAddressName": "lb-nat-gateway-ip",
    "vNetName": "lb-vnet",
    "vNetSubnetName": "backend-subnet",
    "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
    "storageAccountName": "[uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)]",
    "loadBalancerName": "internal-lb",
    "networkInterfaceName": "lb-nic",
    "numberOfInstances": 2,
    "lbSkuName": "Standard",
    "bastionName": "lb-bastion",
    "bastionSubnetName": "AzureBastionSubnet",
    "bastionPublicIPAddressName": "lb-bastion-ip"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/natGateways",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('natGatewayName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties": {
        "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4,
        "publicIpAddresses": [
          {
            "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName'))]"
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
        "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('vNetName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "[parameters('vNetAddressPrefix')]"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}/{1}', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]",
      "properties": {
        "addressPrefix": "[parameters('vNetBastionSubnetAddressPrefix')]"
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}/{1}', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]",
      "properties": {
        "addressPrefix": "[parameters('vNetSubnetAddressPrefix')]",
        "natGateway": {
          "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/natGateways', variables('natGatewayName'))]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/natGateways', variables('natGatewayName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/bastionHosts",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('bastionName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "IpConf",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName'))]"
              },
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('lbSkuName')]"
      },
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static"
      }
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "networkInterface",
        "count": "[length(range(0, variables('numberOfInstances')))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()])]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "ipconfig1",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
              },
              "loadBalancerBackendAddressPools": [
                {
                  "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'BackendPool1')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('loadBalancerName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('loadBalancerName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties": {
        "frontendIPConfigurations": [
          {
            "properties": {
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
              },
              "privateIPAddress": "[parameters('lbPublicIPAddress')]",
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Static"
            },
            "name": "LoadBalancerFrontend"
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools": [
          {
            "name": "BackendPool1"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules": [
          {
            "properties": {
              "frontendIPConfiguration": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/frontendIpConfigurations', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'LoadBalancerFrontend')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'BackendPool1')]"
              },
              "probe": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/probes', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'lbprobe')]"
              },
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "frontendPort": 80,
              "backendPort": 80,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 15
            },
            "name": "lbrule"
          }
        ],
        "probes": [
          {
            "properties": {
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "port": 80,
              "intervalInSeconds": 15,
              "numberOfProbes": 2
            },
            "name": "lbprobe"
          }
        ]
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2023-01-01",
      "name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('storageAccountType')]"
      },
      "kind": "StorageV2"
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "vm",
        "count": "[length(range(0, variables('numberOfInstances')))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', parameters('vmNamePrefix'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()])]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "hardwareProfile": {
          "vmSize": "[parameters('vmSize')]"
        },
        "osProfile": {
          "computerName": "[format('{0}{1}', parameters('vmNamePrefix'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()])]",
          "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
          "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
        },
        "storageProfile": {
          "imageReference": {
            "publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
            "offer": "WindowsServer",
            "sku": "2019-Datacenter",
            "version": "latest"
          },
          "osDisk": {
            "createOption": "FromImage"
          }
        },
        "networkProfile": {
          "networkInterfaces": [
            {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()]]))]"
            }
          ]
        },
        "diagnosticsProfile": {
          "bootDiagnostics": {
            "enabled": true,
            "storageUri": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName')), '2023-01-01').primaryEndpoints.blob]"
          }
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[range(0, variables('numberOfInstances'))[copyIndex()]]))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName'))]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[parameters('location')]"
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[variables('loadBalancerName')]"
    },
    "resourceGroupName": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[resourceGroup().name]"
    },
    "resourceId": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('loadBalancerName'))]"
    }
  }
}

该模板中已定义了多个 Azure 资源：

Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks：负载均衡器和虚拟机的虚拟网络。
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces：虚拟机的网络接口。
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers：内部负载均衡器。
Microsoft.Network/natGateways
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses：NAT 网关和 Azure Bastion 的公共 IP 地址。
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines：后端池中的虚拟机。
Microsoft.Network/bastionHosts：Azure Bastion 实例。
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets：虚拟网络的子网。
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts：虚拟机的存储帐户。

若要查找与 Azure 负载均衡器相关的更多模板，请参阅 Azure 快速入门模板。

部署模板

在此步骤中，你将使用 Azure PowerShell 和 [New-AzResourceGroupDeployment](https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell/module/az.resources/new-azresourcegroupdeployment) 命令部署模板。

打开 Azure Power Shell，然后按照说明登录到 Azure。

使用 Azure CLI 或 Azure PowerShell 来部署该 Bicep 文件。

CLI
PowerShell

 echo "Enter a project name with 12 or less letters or numbers that is used to generate Azure resource names"
 read projectName
 echo "Enter the location (i.e. chinaeast)"
 read location

 resourceGroupName="${projectName}rg"
 templateUri="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/quickstarts/microsoft.network/internal-loadbalancer-create/azuredeploy.json"

 az group create --name $resourceGroupName --location $location
 az deployment group create --resource-group $resourceGroupName --template-uri $templateUri --name $projectName --parameters location=$location

 read -p "Press [ENTER] to continue."

$projectName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter a project name with 12 or less letters or numbers that is used to generate Azure resource names"
$location = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the location (i.e. chinaeast)"

$resourceGroupName = "${projectName}rg"
$templateUri = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/quickstarts/microsoft.network/internal-loadbalancer-create/azuredeploy.json"

New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location
New-AzResourceGroupDeployment -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -TemplateUri $templateUri -Name $projectName -location $location

Write-Host "Press [ENTER] to continue."

系统会提示你输入以下值：

projectName：用于生成资源名称。
adminUsername：虚拟机管理员用户名。
adminPassword：虚拟机管理员密码。

部署模板大约需要 10 分钟的时间。

Azure PowerShell 或 Azure CLI 可用于部署模板。还可以使用 Azure 门户和 REST API。若要了解其他部署方法，请参阅部署模板。

查看已部署的资源

通过以下命令，使用 Azure CLI 或 Azure PowerShell 列出资源组中已部署的资源：

CLI
PowerShell

az resource list --resource-group $resourceGroupName

Get-AzResource -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName

清理资源

如果不再需要资源组及其资源，请通过以下命令，使用 Azure CLI 或 Azure PowerShell 将其删除：

CLI
PowerShell

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name "${projectName}rg"

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name CreateIntLBQS-rg

后续步骤

有关引导你完成模板创建过程的分步教程，请参阅：

教程：创建和部署你的第一个 ARM 模板

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