将管道升级到 SDK v2

在 SDK v2 中，“管道”已合并到作业中。

作业有不同类型。 大多数作业都是运行 command 的命令作业，例如 python main.py。 作业中运行的内容与任何编程语言无关，因此你可以运行 bash 脚本、调用 python 解释器、运行一组 curl 命令或其他任何内容。

另一种作业类型是 pipeline，它定义可能具有输入/输出关系的子作业，形成有向无环图 (DAG)。

若要升级，需要更改用于定义管道并将其提交到 SDK v2 的代码。 在子作业中运行的内容不需要升级到 SDK v2。 但是，建议从模型训练脚本中删除任何特定于 Azure 机器学习的代码。 这种分离便于更轻松地在本地和云之间进行转换，并且被认为是成熟 MLOps 的最佳做法。 实际上，这意味着删除 azureml.* 代码行。 模型日志记录和跟踪代码应替换为 MLflow。 有关详细信息，请参阅如何在 v2 中使用 MLflow。

本文比较了 SDK v1 和 SDK v2 中的方案。 以下示例将在一个虚拟管道作业中生成三个步骤（训练、评分和评估）。 此示例演示如何使用 SDK v1 和 SDK v2 生成管道作业，以及如何在步骤之间使用数据和传输数据。

运行管道

• SDK v1

  # import required libraries
  import os
  import azureml.core
  from azureml.core import (
      Workspace,
      Dataset,
      Datastore,
      ComputeTarget,
      Experiment,
      ScriptRunConfig,
  )
  from azureml.pipeline.steps import PythonScriptStep
  from azureml.pipeline.core import Pipeline
  
  # check core SDK version number
  print("Azure Machine Learning SDK Version: ", azureml.core.VERSION)
  
  # load workspace
  workspace = Workspace.from_config()
  print(
      "Workspace name: " + workspace.name,
      "Azure region: " + workspace.location,
      "Subscription id: " + workspace.subscription_id,
      "Resource group: " + workspace.resource_group,
      sep="\n",
  )
  
  # create an ML experiment
  experiment = Experiment(workspace=workspace, name="train_score_eval_pipeline")
  
  # create a directory
  script_folder = "./src"
  
  # create compute
  from azureml.core.compute import ComputeTarget, AmlCompute
  from azureml.core.compute_target import ComputeTargetException
  
  # Choose a name for your CPU cluster
  amlcompute_cluster_name = "cpu-cluster"
  
  # Verify that cluster does not exist already
  try:
      aml_compute = ComputeTarget(workspace=workspace, name=amlcompute_cluster_name)
      print('Found existing cluster, use it.')
  except ComputeTargetException:
      compute_config = AmlCompute.provisioning_configuration(vm_size='STANDARD_DS12_V2',
                                                             max_nodes=4)
      aml_compute = ComputeTarget.create(ws, amlcompute_cluster_name, compute_config)
  
  aml_compute.wait_for_completion(show_output=True)
  
  # define data set
  data_urls = ["wasbs://demo@dprepdata.blob.core.chinacloudapi.cn/Titanic.csv"]
  input_ds = Dataset.File.from_files(data_urls)
  
  # define steps in pipeline
  from azureml.data import OutputFileDatasetConfig
  model_output = OutputFileDatasetConfig('model_output')
  train_step = PythonScriptStep(
      name="train step",
      script_name="train.py",
      arguments=['--training_data', input_ds.as_named_input('training_data').as_mount() ,'--max_epocs', 5, '--learning_rate', 0.1,'--model_output', model_output],
      source_directory=script_folder,
      compute_target=aml_compute,
      allow_reuse=True,
  )
  
  score_output = OutputFileDatasetConfig('score_output')
  score_step = PythonScriptStep(
      name="score step",
      script_name="score.py",
      arguments=['--model_input',model_output.as_input('model_input'), '--test_data', input_ds.as_named_input('test_data').as_mount(), '--score_output', score_output],
      source_directory=script_folder,
      compute_target=aml_compute,
      allow_reuse=True,
  )
  
  eval_output = OutputFileDatasetConfig('eval_output')
  eval_step = PythonScriptStep(
      name="eval step",
      script_name="eval.py",
      arguments=['--scoring_result',score_output.as_input('scoring_result'), '--eval_output', eval_output],
      source_directory=script_folder,
      compute_target=aml_compute,
      allow_reuse=True,
  )
  
  # built pipeline
  from azureml.pipeline.core import Pipeline
  
  pipeline_steps = [train_step, score_step, eval_step]
  
  pipeline = Pipeline(workspace = workspace, steps=pipeline_steps)
  print("Pipeline is built.")
  
  pipeline_run = experiment.submit(pipeline, regenerate_outputs=False)
  
  print("Pipeline submitted for execution.")
  
  

• SDK v2。 完整示例链接

  # import required libraries
  from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, InteractiveBrowserCredential
  
  from azure.ai.ml import MLClient, Input
  from azure.ai.ml.dsl import pipeline
  
  try:
      credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
      # Check if given credential can get token successfully.
      credential.get_token("https://management.chinacloudapi.cn/.default")
  except Exception as ex:
      # Fall back to InteractiveBrowserCredential in case DefaultAzureCredential not work
      credential = InteractiveBrowserCredential()
  
  # Get a handle to workspace
  ml_client = MLClient.from_config(credential=credential)
  
  # Retrieve an already attached Azure Machine Learning Compute.
  cluster_name = "cpu-cluster"
  print(ml_client.compute.get(cluster_name))
  
  # Import components that are defined with Python function
  with open("src/components.py") as fin:
      print(fin.read())
  
  # You need to install mldesigner package to use command_component decorator.
  # Option 1: install directly
  # !pip install mldesigner
  
  # Option 2: install as an extra dependency of azure-ai-ml
  # !pip install azure-ai-ml[designer]
  
  # import the components as functions
  from src.components import train_model, score_data, eval_model
  
  cluster_name = "cpu-cluster"
  # define a pipeline with component
  @pipeline(default_compute=cluster_name)
  def pipeline_with_python_function_components(input_data, test_data, learning_rate):
      """E2E dummy train-score-eval pipeline with components defined via Python function components"""
  
      # Call component obj as function: apply given inputs & parameters to create a node in pipeline
      train_with_sample_data = train_model(
          training_data=input_data, max_epochs=5, learning_rate=learning_rate
      )
  
      score_with_sample_data = score_data(
          model_input=train_with_sample_data.outputs.model_output, test_data=test_data
      )
  
      eval_with_sample_data = eval_model(
          scoring_result=score_with_sample_data.outputs.score_output
      )
  
      # Return: pipeline outputs
      return {
          "eval_output": eval_with_sample_data.outputs.eval_output,
          "model_output": train_with_sample_data.outputs.model_output,
      }
  
  
  pipeline_job = pipeline_with_python_function_components(
      input_data=Input(
          path="wasbs://demo@dprepdata.blob.core.chinacloudapi.cn/Titanic.csv", type="uri_file"
      ),
      test_data=Input(
          path="wasbs://demo@dprepdata.blob.core.chinacloudapi.cn/Titanic.csv", type="uri_file"
      ),
      learning_rate=0.1,
  )
  
  # submit job to workspace
  pipeline_job = ml_client.jobs.create_or_update(
      pipeline_job, experiment_name="train_score_eval_pipeline"
  )
  

SDK v1 和 SDK v2 中关键功能的映射

步骤和作业/组件类型映射

相关文档

有关详细信息，请参阅以下文档：

• SDK v1 中的步骤
• 使用 Azure 机器学习 SDK v2 和组件创建和运行机器学习管道
• 生成用于图像分类的简单 ML 管道 (SDK v1)
• OutputDatasetConfig
• mldesigner