快速入门：使用 Terraform 模板为 Azure Database for PostgreSQL 灵活服务器配置备份

2025-06-13

本快速入门介绍如何使用 Terraform 模板为 Azure Database for PostgreSQL 灵活服务器配置备份。

借助 Azure 备份，可以使用多种客户端备份 Azure PostgreSQL - 灵活服务器，这些选项包括 Azure 门户、PowerShell、CLI、Azure 资源管理器、Bicep 等。

先决条件

在为 Azure Database for PostgreSQL 灵活服务器配置备份之前，请确保满足以下先决条件：

需要一个具有活动订阅的 Azure 帐户。如果没有帐户，请创建一个用于试用的帐户。
安装和配置Terraform。
登录到 Azure 帐户并向 Azure 进行身份验证。

注释

Terraform 仅支持通过 Azure CLI 向 Azure 进行身份验证。不支持使用 Azure PowerShell 进行身份验证。因此，虽然可以在进行 Terraform 工作时使用 Azure PowerShell 模块，不过首先需要向 Azure 进行身份验证。

实现 Terraform 代码

创建用于测试示例 Terraform 代码的目录，并将其设为当前目录。

创建名为 providers.tf 的文件并插入下列代码：

terraform {
  required_providers {
    azurerm = {
      source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
      version = "3.99.0"
    }
  }
}

provider "azurerm" {
   features {}
   subscription_id   = "<azure_subscription_id>"
   tenant_id = "<azure_subscription_tenant_id>"
}

创建名为 main.tf 的文件并插入下列代码：


# Step 1: Create the Backup Vault
resource "azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault" "backup_vault" {
  name                = var.backup_vault_name
  resource_group_name = var.backup_vault_resource_group
  location            = var.region

  identity {
    type = "SystemAssigned"
  }

  storage_settings {
    datastore_type = "VaultStore"
    type           = "LocallyRedundant"
  }
}

# Step 2: Create Backup Policy for PostgreSQL
resource "azurerm_data_protection_backup_policy" "postgresql_backup_policy" {
  name                = var.policy_name
  resource_group_name = var.backup_vault_resource_group
  vault_name          = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backup_vault.name

  rule {
    name = "BackupSchedule"

    backup_parameters {
      object_type = "AzureBackupParams"
    }

    trigger {
      schedule {
        recurrence_rule {
          frequency = "Weekly"
          interval  = var.backup_schedule_frequency
        }
      }
    }

    data_store {
      datastore_type = "VaultStore"
    }
  }

  retention_rule {
    name       = "RetentionRule"
    is_default = true

    lifecycle {
      delete_after {
        object_type = "AbsoluteDeleteOption"
        duration    = format("P%dM", var.retention_duration_in_months)
      }
    }
  }

  depends_on = [
    azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backup_vault
  ]
}

# Step 3: Role Assignment for PostgreSQL Flexible Server Long Term Retention Backup Role
data "azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server" "postgresql_server" {
  name                = var.postgresql_server_name
  resource_group_name = var.postgresql_resource_group
}

resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "backup_role" {
  principal_id         = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backup_vault.identity[0].principal_id
  role_definition_name = "PostgreSQL Flexible Server Long Term Retention Backup Role"
  scope                = data.azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.PostgreSQL_server.id

  depends_on = [
    azurerm_data_protection_backup_policy.postgresql_backup_policy
  ]
}

# Step 4: Role Assignment for Reader on Resource Group
data "azurerm_resource_group" "postgresql_resource_group" {
  name = var.postgresql_resource_group
}

resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "reader_role" {
  principal_id         = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backup_vault.identity[0].principal_id
  role_definition_name = "Reader"
  scope                = data.azurerm_resource_group.postgresql_resource_group.id

  depends_on = [
    azurerm_role_assignment.backup_role
  ]
}

# Step 5: Create Backup Instance for PostgreSQL
resource "azurerm_data_protection_backup_instance" "postgresql_backup_instance" {
  name                = "PostgreSQLBackupInstance"
  resource_group_name = var.backup_vault_resource_group
  vault_name          = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backup_vault.name
  location            = var.region

  datasource {
    object_type     = "Datasource"
    datasource_type = "AzureDatabaseForPostgreSQLFlexibleServer"
    resource_id     = data.azurerm_PostgreSQL_flexible_server.postgresql_server.id
  }

  policy_id = azurerm_data_protection_backup_policy.postgresql_backup_policy.id

  depends_on = [
    azurerm_role_assignment.reader_role
  ]
}

创建名为 variables.tf 的文件并插入下列代码：


variable "backup_vault_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "BackupVaultTF"
      description = "Name of the Backup Vault"
}
variable "backup_vault_resource_group" {
      type        = string
      default     = "Contoso_TF_RG"
      description = "Name of the resource group to which backup vault belongs to"
}

variable "postgresql_server_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "Contoso_PostgreSQL_TF"
      description = "Name of the PostgreSQL server"
}

variable "postgresql_resource_group" {
      type        = string
      default     = "Contoso_TF_RG"
      description = "Name of the resource group to which PostgreSQL server belongs to"
}

variable "region" {
      type        = string
      default     = "chinanorth"
      description = "Location of the PostgreSQL server"
}

variable "policy_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "PostgreSQLbackuppolicytfv1"
      description = "Name of the backup policy"
}

variable "backup_schedule_frequency" {
      type        = string
      default     = "1"
      description = "Schedule frequency for backup"
}
variable "retention_duration_in_months" {
      type        = string
      default     = "3"
      description = "Retention duration for backup in month"
}

初始化 Terraform

  terraform init -upgrade

创建 Terraform 执行计划

  terraform plan -out main.tfplan

应用 Terraform 执行计划

  terraform apply main.tfplan

Azure 上的 Terraform 故障排除

排查在 Azure 上使用 Terraform 时遇到的常见问题。

后续步骤

使用 Azure CLI 还原 Azure Database for PostgreSQL - 灵活服务器。

通过