该 insert 命令用于在集合中创建新文档。 可以一次性插入单个文档或多个文档。
语法
insert 命令的基本语法为：
db.collection.insert(
<single document or array of documents>,
{
writeConcern: <document>,
ordered: <boolean>
}
)
参数
| 参数 | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|
<single document or array of documents> |
要插入到集合中的文档或文档数组 |
writeConcern |
（可选）表达写入关注的文档。 写入关注描述了请求服务器对写入操作进行确认的级别。 |
ordered |
（可选）如果true满足条件，服务器将按提供的顺序插入文档。 如果 false，服务器可以按任意顺序插入文档，并且将尝试插入所有文档，而不考虑错误 |
-
<single document or array of documents>：要插入到集合中的文档或文档数组。 -
writeConcern：可选。 表示写入问题的文档。 写入关注描述了从服务器请求对写入操作进行确认的级别。 -
ordered：可选。 如果true满足条件，服务器会根据提供的顺序插入文档。 如果false，服务器可以按任意顺序插入文档，并且将尝试插入所有文档，而不考虑错误。
示例
插入单个文档
以下命令将单个文档插入 StoreData 数据库中的 stores 集合中。
db.stores.insertOne({
"storeId": "12345",
"name": "Boulder Innovations",
"location": {
"lat": 37.7749,
"lon": -122.4194
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 15,
"partTime": 10
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 500000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 300000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 200000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Summer Sale",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-06-01",
"endDate": "2024-06-30"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 15
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 10
}
]
},
{
"eventName": "Holiday Specials",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-12-01",
"endDate": "2024-12-31"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 20
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 25
}
]
}
]
})
插入多个文档
以下命令将文档数组插入到 Stores 集合中。
db.stores.insertMany([
{
"storeId": "12346",
"name": "Graphic Design Institute",
"location": {
"lat": 34.0522,
"lon": -118.2437
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 20,
"partTime": 5
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 750000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 400000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 350000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Black Friday",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-11-25",
"endDate": "2024-11-30"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 25
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 30
}
]
}
]
},
{
"storeId": "12347",
"name": "Relecloud",
"location": {
"lat": 40.7128,
"lon": -74.0060
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 10,
"partTime": 20
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 600000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 350000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 250000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "New Year Sale",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-01-01",
"endDate": "2024-01-07"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 10
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 15
}
]
}
]
}
])
指定_id字段的值
如果未指定_id字段，服务器会自动为文档生成唯一的 ObjectId（） 值。 如果文档确实指定了_id字段，则它必须是集合中所有文档的全局唯一值。
如果指定了_id字段的重复值，服务器将引发重复的键冲突错误。
{
"WriteErrors": [
{
"WriteError": {
"err": {
"index": 0,
"code": 11000,
"errmsg": "Duplicate key violation on the requested collection: Index '_id_'",
"errInfo": "undefined",
"op": {
"testField": "testValue",
"_id": "1"
}
}
}
}
]
}
按顺序插入多个文档
在指定“ordered”：true时，可以按顺序插入批量插入的文档。
db.stores.insertMany([
{
"_id": "123456",
"storeId": "123456",
"name": "Graphic Design Institute",
"location": {
"lat": 34.0522,
"lon": -118.2437
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 20,
"partTime": 5
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 750000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 400000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 350000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Black Friday",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-11-25",
"endDate": "2024-11-30"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 25
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 30
}
]
}
]
},
{
"_id": "234567",
"storeId": "234567",
"name": "Relecloud",
"location": {
"lat": 40.7128,
"lon": -74.0060
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 10,
"partTime": 20
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 600000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 350000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 250000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "New Year Sale",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-01-01",
"endDate": "2024-01-07"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 10
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 15
}
]
}
]
}
], "ordered": true)
有序插入命令返回一个响应，该响应确认插入文档的顺序：
{
"acknowledged": true,
"insertedIds": {
"0": "123456",
"1": "234567"
}
}