$literal (文本表达式)

适用对象: MongoDB vCore

运算符 $literal 返回指定值,而不将其分析为表达式。 如果需要在聚合管道中包含可能解释为字段名称、运算符或表达式的文本值,则此运算符非常有用。 它确保该值被视为常量,而不是被计算。

语法

$literal 运算符的语法如下:

{
  $literal: <value>
}

参数

DESCRIPTION
<value> 任何应在不解释的情况下返回 as-is 的值。 可以是字符串、数字、布尔值、数组、对象或 null。

示例:

让我们了解 stores 数据集中的示例 json 的用法。

{
  "_id": "2cf3f885-9962-4b67-a172-aa9039e9ae2f",
  "name": "First Up Consultants | Bed and Bath Center - South Amir",
  "location": {
    "lat": 60.7954,
    "lon": -142.0012
  },
  "staff": {
    "totalStaff": {
      "fullTime": 18,
      "partTime": 17
    }
  },
  "sales": {
    "totalSales": 37701,
    "salesByCategory": [
      {
        "categoryName": "Mattress Toppers",
        "totalSales": 37701
      }
    ]
  },
  "promotionEvents": [
    {
      "eventName": "Price Drop Palooza",
      "promotionalDates": {
        "startDate": {
          "Year": 2024,
          "Month": 9,
          "Day": 21
        },
        "endDate": {
          "Year": 2024,
          "Month": 9,
          "Day": 30
        }
      },
      "discounts": [
        {
          "categoryName": "Bath Accessories",
          "discountPercentage": 18
        },
        {
          "categoryName": "Pillow Top Mattresses",
          "discountPercentage": 17
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

示例 1:添加文本状态字段

该示例演示如何添加文本状态信息来存储文档,包括可能解释为字段名称或运算符的文本字符串。

db.stores.aggregate([
  { $match: {"_id": "2cf3f885-9962-4b67-a172-aa9039e9ae2f"} },
  {
    $project: {
      name: 1,
      totalSales: "$sales.salesByCategory.totalSales",
      status: { $literal: "Active" },
      reviewStatus: { $literal: "$pending" },
      priority: { $literal: 1 },
      metadata: {
        $literal: {
          lastUpdated: "2024-06-13",
          source: "automated-system"
        }
      }
    }
  }
])

查询将文本值添加到每个存储文档。 请注意如何 $pending 被视为文本字符串而不是字段引用。

{
  "_id": "2cf3f885-9962-4b67-a172-aa9039e9ae2f",
  "name": "First Up Consultants | Bed and Bath Center - South Amir",
  "totalSales": 37701,
  "status": "Active",
  "reviewStatus": "$pending",
  "priority": 1,
  "metadata": {
    "lastUpdated": "2024-06-13",
    "source": "automated-system"
  }
}

示例 2:创建文本数组和条件值

此示例演示如何在 $literal 数组和条件表达式中使用,以确保不会将值解释为运算符。

db.stores.aggregate([
  { $match: {"_id": "40d6f4d7-50cd-4929-9a07-0a7a133c2e74"} },
  {
    $project: {
      name: 1,
      totalSales: "$sales.salesByCategory.totalSales",
      performanceCategory: {
        $cond: {
          if: { $gte: ["$sales.totalSales", 100000] },
          then: { $literal: "High Performer" },
          else: { $literal: "Standard" }
        }
      },
      tags: { $literal: ["$featured", "$promoted", "$new"] },
      searchKeywords: {
        $literal: {
          "$or": ["electronics", "entertainment"],
          "$and": ["home", "theater"]
        }
      }
    }
  }
])

该查询创建包含以开头 $的字符串的文本数组和对象,这些字符串通常解释为运算符或字段引用。

{
  "_id": "40d6f4d7-50cd-4929-9a07-0a7a133c2e74",
  "name": "Proseware, Inc. | Home Entertainment Hub - East Linwoodbury",
  "totalSales": 160000,
  "performanceCategory": "High Performer",
  "tags": ["$featured", "$promoted", "$new"],
  "searchKeywords": {
    "$or": ["electronics", "entertainment"],
    "$and": ["home", "theater"]
  }
}

示例 3:文本 null 值和布尔值

此示例演示如何使用 $literal null 值和布尔值,当需要显式设置这些值而不是计算这些值时尤其有用。

db.stores.aggregate([
  { $match: {"_id": "e6895a31-a5cd-4103-8889-3b95a864e5a6"} },
  {
    $project: {
      name: 1,
      totalSales: "$sales.salesByCategory.totalSales",
      specialOffer: { $literal: null },
      isOnline: { $literal: false },
      hasInventory: { $literal: true },
      calculationFormula: { $literal: "$multiply: [price, quantity]" },
      ratingSystem: {
        $literal: {
          min: 0,
          max: 5,
          default: null
        }
      }
    }
  }
])

该查询添加显式文本值,包括 null、布尔值和类似于 MongoDB 表达式的字符串。

{
  "_id": "e6895a31-a5cd-4103-8889-3b95a864e5a6",
  "name": "VanArsdel, Ltd. | Picture Frame Store - Port Clevelandton",
  "totalSales": 17676,
  "specialOffer": null,
  "isOnline": false,
  "hasInventory": true,
  "calculationFormula": "$multiply: [price, quantity]",
  "ratingSystem": {
    "min": 0,
    "max": 5,
    "default": null
  }
}