INSERT OVERWRITE

  • 项目

使用新值覆盖表中的现有数据。 通过值表达式或查询的结果指定插入的行。

语法

INSERT OVERWRITE [ TABLE ] table_identifier [ partition_spec [ IF NOT EXISTS ] ] [ ( column_list ) ]
    { VALUES ( { value | NULL } [ , ... ] ) [ , ( ... ) ] | query }

参数

  • table_identifier

    • [database_name.] table_name：表名，可选择使用数据库名称进行限定。
    • delta.`<path-to-table>`：现有 Delta 表的位置。

  • partition_spec

    一个可选参数，用于指定分区键值对的逗号分隔列表。

    语法：PARTITION ( partition_col_name [ = partition_col_val ] [ , ... ] )

  • column_list

    一个可选参数，用于指定属于 table_identifier 表列的逗号分隔列表。

    注意

    当前行为有一些限制：

    • 所有指定的列应存在于表中，并且不能相互重复。 它包含除静态分区列之外的所有列。
    • 列列表的大小应与 VALUES 子句或查询的数据大小完全相同。

  • VALUES ( { value | NULL } [ , … ] ) [ , ( … ) ]

    要插入的值。 可以插入显式指定的值或 NULL。 必须使用逗号分隔子句中的每个值。 可以指定多个值集以插入多行。

  • 查询

    生成要插入的行的查询。 可以采用以下格式之一：

    • SELECT 语句
    • TABLE 语句
    • FROM 语句

示例

本节内容：

使用 VALUES 子句进行插入

-- Assuming the students table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|         name|                   address|student_id|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|    Amy Smith|    123 Park Ave, San Jose|    111111|
|    Bob Brown|  456 Taylor St, Cupertino|    222222|
|Cathy Johnson|   789 Race Ave, Palo Alto|    333333|
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park|    444444|
|Fleur Laurent|     345 Copper St, London|    777777|
|Gordon Martin|      779 Lake Ave, Oxford|    888888|
|  Helen Davis| 469 Mission St, San Diego|    999999|
|   Jason Wang|     908 Bird St, Saratoga|    121212|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+

INSERT OVERWRITE students VALUES
    ('Ashua Hill', '456 Erica Ct, Cupertino', 111111),
    ('Brian Reed', '723 Kern Ave, Palo Alto', 222222);

SELECT * FROM students;
+----------+-----------------------+----------+
|      name|                address|student_id|
+----------+-----------------------+----------+
|Ashua Hill|456 Erica Ct, Cupertino|    111111|
|Brian Reed|723 Kern Ave, Palo Alto|    222222|
+----------+-----------------------+----------+

使用 SELECT 语句进行插入

-- Assuming the persons table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM persons;
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
|         name|                   address|      ssn|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park|123456789|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+
|  Eddie Davis|   245 Market St, Milpitas|345678901|
+-------------+--------------------------+---------+

INSERT OVERWRITE students PARTITION (student_id = 222222)
    SELECT name, address FROM persons WHERE name = "Dora Williams";

SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|         name|                   address|student_id|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|   Ashua Hill|   456 Erica Ct, Cupertino|    111111|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+
|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Menlo Park|    222222|
+-------------+--------------------------+----------+

使用 TABLE 语句进行插入

-- Assuming the visiting_students table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM visiting_students;
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|         name|              address|student_id|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Fleur Laurent|345 Copper St, London|    777777|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford|    888888|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+

INSERT OVERWRITE students TABLE visiting_students;

SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|         name|              address|student_id|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Fleur Laurent|345 Copper St, London|    777777|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+
|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford|    888888|
+-------------+---------------------+----------+

使用 FROM 语句进行插入

-- Assuming the applicants table has already been created and populated.
SELECT * FROM applicants;
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
|       name|                   address|student_id|qualified|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
|Helen Davis| 469 Mission St, San Diego|    999999|     true|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
|   Ivy King|367 Leigh Ave, Santa Clara|    101010|    false|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
| Jason Wang|     908 Bird St, Saratoga|    121212|     true|
+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+

INSERT OVERWRITE students
    FROM applicants SELECT name, address, id applicants WHERE qualified = true;

SELECT * FROM students;
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+
|       name|                  address|student_id|
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+
|Helen Davis|469 Mission St, San Diego|    999999|
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+
| Jason Wang|    908 Bird St, Saratoga|    121212|
+-----------+-------------------------+----------+

使用类型化日期文本作为分区列值进行插入

CREATE TABLE students (name STRING, address  STRING) PARTITIONED BY (birthday DATE);
INSERT INTO students PARTITION (birthday = date'2019-01-02')
    VALUES ('Amy Smith', '123 Park Ave, San Jose');

SELECT * FROM students;
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
|         name|                  address|   birthday|
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+
|    Amy Smith|   123 Park Ave, San Jose| 2019-01-02|
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+

INSERT INTO students PARTITION (birthday = date'2019-01-02')
    VALUES('Jason Wang', '908 Bird St, Saratoga');

SELECT * FROM students;
+-----------+-------------------------+-----------+
|       name|                  address|   birthday|
+-----------+-------------------------+-----------+
| Jason Wang|    908 Bird St, Saratoga| 2019-01-02|
+-----------+-------------------------+-----------+

插入列列表

INSERT OVERWRITE students (address, name, student_id) VALUES
    ('Hangzhou, China', 'Kent Yao', 11215016);
SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = 'Kent Yao';
+---------+----------------------+----------+
|     name|               address|student_id|
+---------+----------------------+----------+
|Kent Yao |       Hangzhou, China|  11215016|
+---------+----------------------+----------+

插入分区规范和列列表

INSERT OVERWRITE students PARTITION (student_id = 11215016) (address, name) VALUES
    ('Hangzhou, China', 'Kent Yao Jr.');
SELECT * FROM students WHERE student_id = 11215016;
+------------+----------------------+----------+
|        name|               address|student_id|
+------------+----------------------+----------+
|Kent Yao Jr.|       Hangzhou, China|  11215016|
+------------+----------------------+----------+