HAVING 子句
适用于: Databricks SQL Databricks Runtime
根据指定条件筛选由 GROUP BY
生成的结果。 通常与 GROUP BY 子句结合使用。
语法
HAVING boolean_expression
参数
boolean_expression
计算得出
BOOLEAN
结果类型的任何表达式。 使用逻辑运算符(例如AND
或OR
)可以将两个或多个表达式组合在一起。HAVING
子句中指定的表达式只能引用以下内容:
示例
> CREATE TABLE dealer (id INT, city STRING, car_model STRING, quantity INT);
> INSERT INTO dealer VALUES
(100, 'Fremont' , 'Honda Civic' , 10),
(100, 'Fremont' , 'Honda Accord', 15),
(100, 'Fremont' , 'Honda CRV' , 7),
(200, 'Dublin' , 'Honda Civic' , 20),
(200, 'Dublin' , 'Honda Accord', 10),
(200, 'Dublin' , 'Honda CRV' , 3),
(300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Civic' , 5),
(300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Accord', 8);
-- `HAVING` clause referring to column in `GROUP BY`.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING city = 'Fremont';
Fremont 32
-- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum(quantity) > 15;
Dublin 33
Fremont 32
-- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function by its alias.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum > 15;
Dublin 33
Fremont 32
-- `HAVING` clause referring to a different aggregate function than what is present in
-- `SELECT` list.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING max(quantity) > 15;
Dublin 33
-- `HAVING` clause referring to constant expression.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING 1 > 0 ORDER BY city;
Dublin 33
Fremont 32
San Jose 13
-- `HAVING` clause without a `GROUP BY` clause.
> SELECT sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer HAVING sum(quantity) > 10;
78