本快速入门演示如何使用 ARM 模板和 API 版本
主要功能
- 将 SSL 配置文件与 mTLS 传递的监听器关联。
- 网关上不需要客户端 CA 证书。
-
verifyClientAuthMode支持Strict和Passthrough。
注释
门户、PowerShell 和 CLI 对直通配置的支持目前不可用。 对于本指南，请使用 ARM 模板。
先决条件
- Azure 订阅和资源组。
- 已安装 Azure CLI。
- SSL 证书（Base64 编码的 PFX）和密码。
- 适用于 Linux VM 管理员的 SSH 密钥（如果适用）。
- 透传属性的 API 版本
2025-03-01。
使用 mTLS 直通侦听器部署应用程序网关
此模板创建：
- 包含两个子网的 虚拟网络 （一个委托给应用程序网关）。
- 用于网关前端的 公共 IP 地址。
-
应用程序网关（Standard_v2），其中包含：
- 用于客户端证书传递的 SSL 证书和 SSL 配置文件。
- HTTPS 侦听器和路由规则。
- 指向应用服务的后端池。 请使用配置详细信息更新模板，并包含有效的 SSL 证书。
参数文件：deploymentParameters.json
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentParameters.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"parameters": {
"addressPrefix": {
"value": "10.0.0.0/16"
},
"subnetPrefix": {
"value": "10.0.0.0/24"
},
"skuName": {
"value": "Standard_v2"
},
"capacity": {
"value": 2
},
"adminUsername": {
"value": "ubuntu"
},
"adminSSHKey": {
"value": "<your-ssh-public-key>"
},
"certData": {
"value": "<Base64-encoded-PFX-data>"
},
"certPassword": {
"value": "<certificate-password>"
}
}
}
模板文件：deploymentTemplate.json
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"parameters": {
"addressPrefix": {
"defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/16",
"type": "String",
"metadata": {
"description": "Address prefix for the Virtual Network"
}
},
"subnetPrefix": {
"defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/24",
"type": "String",
"metadata": {
"description": "Subnet prefix"
}
},
"skuName": {
"defaultValue": "Standard_Medium",
"type": "String",
"metadata": {
"description": "Sku Name"
}
},
"capacity": {
"defaultValue": 2,
"type": "Int",
"metadata": {
"description": "Number of instances"
}
},
"adminUsername": {
"type": "String"
},
"adminSSHKey": {
"type": "securestring"
},
"certData": {
"type": "String",
"metadata": {
"description": "ssl cert data"
}
},
"certPassword": {
"type": "SecureString",
"metadata": {
"description": "ssl cert password"
}
}
},
"variables": {
"applicationGatewayName": "mtlsAppGw",
"idName": "identity",
"publicIPAddressName": "mtlsPip",
"virtualNetworkName": "mtlsVnet",
"subnetName": "appgwsubnet",
"vnetID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks',variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
"subnetRef": "[concat(variables('vnetID'),'/subnets/',variables('subnetName'))]",
"publicIPRef": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses',variables('publicIPAddressName'))]",
"applicationGatewayID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways',variables('applicationGatewayName'))]",
"apiVersion": "2025-03-01",
"identityID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities',variables('idName'))]",
"backendSubnetId": "[concat(variables('vnetID'),'/subnets/backendsubnet')]"
},
"resources": [
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
"name": "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
"apiVersion": "2024-07-01",
"location": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"properties": {
"addressSpace": {
"addressPrefixes": [
"[parameters('addressPrefix')]"
]
},
"subnets": [
{
"name": "[variables('subnetName')]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[parameters('subnetPrefix')]",
"delegations": [
{
"name": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways",
"properties": {
"serviceName": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "backendSubnet",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "10.0.2.0/24"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"sku": {
"name": "Standard"
},
"name": "[variables('publicIPAddressName')]",
"apiVersion": "2024-07-01",
"location": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"properties": {
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static"
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways",
"name": "[variables('applicationGatewayName')]",
"apiVersion": "[variables('apiVersion')]",
"location": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"properties": {
"sku": {
"name": "Standard_v2",
"tier": "Standard_v2",
"capacity": 3
},
"sslCertificates": [
{
"name": "sslCert",
"properties": {
"data": "[parameters('certData')]",
"password": "[parameters('certPassword')]"
}
}
],
"sslPolicy": {
"policyType": "Predefined",
"policyName": "AppGwSslPolicy20220101"
},
"sslProfiles": [
{
"name": "sslnotrustedcert",
"id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways', variables('applicationGatewayName')), '/sslProfiles/sslnotrustedcert')]",
"properties": {
"clientAuthConfiguration": {
"VerifyClientCertIssuerDN": false,
"VerifyClientRevocation": "None",
"VerifyClientAuthMode": "Passthrough"
}
}
}
],
"gatewayIPConfigurations": [
{
"name": "appGatewayIpConfig",
"properties": {
"subnet": {
"id": "[variables('subnetRef')]"
}
}
}
],
"frontendIPConfigurations": [
{
"name": "appGatewayFrontendIP",
"properties": {
"PublicIPAddress": {
"id": "[variables('publicIPRef')]"
}
}
}
],
"frontendPorts": [
{
"name": "port2",
"properties": {
"Port": 444
}
}
],
"backendAddressPools": [
{
"name": "pool2",
"properties": {
"BackendAddresses": [
{
"fqdn": "headerappgw-hsa5gjh8fpfebcfd.chinanorth2-01.chinacloudsites.cn"
}
]
}
}
],
"backendHttpSettingsCollection": [
{
"name": "settings2",
"properties": {
"Port": 80,
"Protocol": "Http"
}
}
],
"httpListeners": [
{
"name": "listener2",
"properties": {
"FrontendIPConfiguration": {
"Id": "[concat(variables('applicationGatewayID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/appGatewayFrontendIP')]"
},
"FrontendPort": {
"Id": "[concat(variables('applicationGatewayID'), '/frontendPorts/port2')]"
},
"Protocol": "Https",
"SslCertificate": {
"Id": "[concat(variables('applicationGatewayID'), '/sslCertificates/sslCert')]"
},
"sslProfile": {
"id": "[concat(variables('applicationGatewayID'), '/sslProfiles/sslnotrustedcert')]"
}
}
}
],
"requestRoutingRules": [
{
"Name": "rule2",
"properties": {
"RuleType": "Basic",
"priority": 2000,
"httpListener": {
"id": "[concat(variables('applicationGatewayID'), '/httpListeners/listener2')]"
},
"backendAddressPool": {
"id": "[concat(variables('applicationGatewayID'), '/backendAddressPools/pool2')]"
},
"backendHttpSettings": {
"id": "[concat(variables('applicationGatewayID'), '/backendHttpSettingsCollection/settings2')]"
}
}
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[concat('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
"[concat('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/', variables('publicIPAddressName'))]"
]
}
]
}
部署模板
az deployment group create \
--resource-group <your-resource-group> \
--template-file deploymentTemplate.json \
--parameters @deploymentParameters.json
验证并测试
验证部署
- 在 Azure 门户中，检查应用程序网关资源 JSON 文件
- 选择 API 版本 2025-03-01 并验证 sslprofile
- 验证
verifyClientAuthMode设置为“传递”
"sslProfiles": [
{
"name": "sslnotrustedcert",
"id": "samplesubscriptionid",
"etag": "W/\"851e4e20-d2b1-4338-9135-e0beac11aa0e\"",
"properties": {
"provisioningState": "Succeeded",
"clientAuthConfiguration": {
"verifyClientCertIssuerDN": false,
"verifyClientRevocation": "None",
"verifyClientAuthMode": "Passthrough"
},
"httpListeners": [
{
"id": "samplesubscriptionid"
}
]
将客户端证书发送到后端
如果需要将客户端证书转发到后端，请配置一个重写规则，如 相互身份验证-服务器-变量中所述。
如果客户端发送了证书，则此重写可确保客户端证书包含在后端处理的请求标头中。
测试连接性
- 即使未提供客户端证书，也应建立连接。
mTLS 透传参数
| Name | 类型 | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 验证ClientCertIssuerDN | 布尔 | 验证网关上的客户端证书颁发者名称 |
| verifyClientRevocation | options | 验证客户端证书的吊销 |
| VerifyClientAuthMode | options | 设置客户端证书模式（Strict 或 Passthrough） |
直通模式： 网关请求客户端证书，但不强制实施。 后端验证证书并强制实施策略。
安全通知
此解决方案被归类为 Microsoft机密。 请确保在部署和管理此解决方案时遵循组织的安全性和数据处理最佳做法。