Azure Queue storage trigger and bindings for Azure Functions overview

  • Article
  • 04/03/2024

Azure Functions can run as new Azure Queue storage messages are created and can write queue messages within a function.

Action Type
Run a function as queue storage data changes Trigger
Write queue storage messages Output binding

Install extension

The extension NuGet package you install depends on the C# mode you're using in your function app:

Important

Support will end for the in-process model on November 10, 2026. We highly recommend that you migrate your apps to the isolated worker model for full support.

Functions execute in the same process as the Functions host. To learn more, see Develop C# class library functions using Azure Functions.

In a variation of this model, Functions can be run using C# scripting, which is supported primarily for C# portal editing. To update existing binding extensions for C# script apps running in the portal without having to republish your function app, see Update your extensions.

The functionality of the extension varies depending on the extension version:

This section describes using a class library. For C# scripting, you would need to instead install the extension bundle, version 4.x.

This version introduces the ability to connect using an identity instead of a secret. For a tutorial on configuring your function apps with managed identities, see the creating a function app with identity-based connections tutorial.

This version allows you to bind to types from Azure.Storage.Queues.

This extension is available by installing the Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Storage.Queues NuGet package, version 5.x.

Using the .NET CLI:

dotnet add package Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Storage.Queues

Note

Azure Blobs, Azure Queues, and Azure Tables now use separate extensions and are referenced individually. For example, to use the triggers and bindings for all three services in your .NET in-process app, you should add the following packages to your project:

Previously, the extensions shipped together as Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Storage, version 4.x. This same package also has a 5.x version, which references the split packages for blobs and queues only. When upgrading your package references from older versions, you may therefore need to additionally reference the new Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Tables NuGet package. Also, when referencing these newer split packages, make sure you are not referencing an older version of the combined storage package, as this will result in conflicts from two definitions of the same bindings.

Install bundle

The Blob storage binding is part of an extension bundle, which is specified in your host.json project file. You may need to modify this bundle to change the version of the binding, or if bundles aren't already installed. To learn more, see extension bundle.

This version introduces the ability to connect using an identity instead of a secret. For a tutorial on configuring your function apps with managed identities, see the creating a function app with identity-based connections tutorial.

You can add this version of the extension from the preview extension bundle v3 by adding or replacing the following code in your host.json file:

{
    "version": "2.0",
    "extensionBundle": {
        "id": "Microsoft.Azure.Functions.ExtensionBundle",
        "version": "[3.3.0, 4.0.0)"
    }
}

To learn more, see Update your extensions.

Binding types

The binding types supported for .NET depend on both the extension version and C# execution mode, which can be one of the following:

An in-process class library is a compiled C# function runs in the same process as the Functions runtime.

Choose a version to see binding type details for the mode and version.

The Azure Queues extension supports parameter types according to the table below.

Binding scenario Parameter types
Queue trigger QueueMessage
JSON serializable types1
string
byte[]
BinaryData
Queue output (single message) QueueMessage
JSON serializable types1
string
byte[]
BinaryData
Queue output (multiple messages) QueueClient
ICollector<T> or IAsyncCollector<T> where T is one of the single message types

1 Messages containing JSON data can be deserialized into known plain-old CLR object (POCO) types.

host.json settings

This section describes the configuration settings available for this binding in versions 2.x and higher. Settings in the host.json file apply to all functions in a function app instance. The example host.json file below contains only the version 2.x+ settings for this binding. For more information about function app configuration settings in versions 2.x and later versions, see host.json reference for Azure Functions.

Note

For a reference of host.json in Functions 1.x, see host.json reference for Azure Functions 1.x.

{
    "version": "2.0",
    "extensions": {
        "queues": {
            "maxPollingInterval": "00:00:02",
            "visibilityTimeout" : "00:00:30",
            "batchSize": 16,
            "maxDequeueCount": 5,
            "newBatchThreshold": 8,
            "messageEncoding": "base64"
        }
    }
}
Property Default Description
maxPollingInterval 00:01:00 The maximum interval between queue polls. The minimum interval is 00:00:00.100 (100 ms). Intervals increment up to maxPollingInterval. The default value of maxPollingInterval is 00:01:00 (1 min). maxPollingInterval must not be less than 00:00:00.100 (100 ms). In Functions 2.x and later, the data type is a TimeSpan. In Functions 1.x, it is in milliseconds.
visibilityTimeout 00:00:00 The time interval between retries when processing of a message fails.
batchSize 16 The number of queue messages that the Functions runtime retrieves simultaneously and processes in parallel. When the number being processed gets down to the newBatchThreshold, the runtime gets another batch and starts processing those messages. So the maximum number of concurrent messages being processed per function is batchSize plus newBatchThreshold. This limit applies separately to each queue-triggered function.

If you want to avoid parallel execution for messages received on one queue, you can set batchSize to 1. However, this setting eliminates concurrency as long as your function app runs only on a single virtual machine (VM). If the function app scales out to multiple VMs, each VM could run one instance of each queue-triggered function.

The maximum batchSize is 32.
maxDequeueCount 5 The number of times to try processing a message before moving it to the poison queue.
newBatchThreshold N*batchSize/2 Whenever the number of messages being processed concurrently gets down to this number, the runtime retrieves another batch.

N represents the number of vCPUs available when running on App Service or Premium Plans. Its value is 1 for the Consumption Plan.
messageEncoding base64 This setting is only available in extension bundle version 5.0.0 and higher. It represents the encoding format for messages. Valid values are base64 and none.

Next steps