Use PowerShell to sync data between multiple databases in Azure SQL Database

Applies to: Azure SQL Database

This Azure PowerShell example configures SQL Data Sync to sync data between multiple databases in Azure SQL Database.

If you don't have an Azure trail subscription, create a trial subscription before you begin.

This tutorial requires Az PowerShell 1.4.0 or later. If you need to upgrade, see Install Azure PowerShell module. You also need to run Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud to create a connection with Azure.

For an overview of SQL Data Sync, see What is SQL Data Sync for Azure?

SQL Data Sync does not support Azure SQL Managed Instance or Azure Synapse Analytics.

Prerequisites

• Create a database in Azure SQL Database from an AdventureWorksLT sample database as a hub database.
• Create a database in Azure SQL Database in the same region as the sync database.
• Update the parameter placeholders before running the example.

Examples

using namespace Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Sql.DataSync.Model
using namespace System.Collections.Generic

# hub database info
$subscriptionId = "<subscriptionId>"
$resourceGroupName = "<resourceGroupName>"
$serverName = "<serverName>"
$databaseName = "<databaseName>"

# sync database info
$syncDatabaseResourceGroupName = "<syncResourceGroupName>"
$syncDatabaseServerName = "<syncServerName>"
$syncDatabaseName = "<syncDatabaseName>"

# sync group info
$syncGroupName = "<syncGroupName>"
$conflictResolutionPolicy = "HubWin" # can be HubWin or MemberWin
$intervalInSeconds = 300 # sync interval in seconds (must be no less than 300)

# member database info
$syncMemberName = "<syncMemberName>"
$memberServerName = "<memberServerName>"
$memberDatabaseName = "<memberDatabaseName>"
$memberDatabaseType = "SqlServerDatabase" # can be AzureSqlDatabase or SqlServerDatabase
$syncDirection = "Bidirectional" # can be Bidirectional, Onewaymembertohub, Onewayhubtomember

# sync agent info
$syncAgentName = "<agentName>"
$syncAgentResourceGroupName = "<syncAgentResourceGroupName>"
$syncAgentServerName = "<syncAgentServerName>"

$syncMemberResourceId = "/subscriptions/$subscriptionId/resourceGroups/$resourceGroupName/providers/Microsoft.Sql/servers/$serverName/databases/$syncMemberDBName"

# temp file to save the sync schema
$tempFile = $env:TEMP+"\syncSchema.json"

# list of included columns and tables in quoted name
$includedColumnsAndTables =  "[SalesLT].[Address].[AddressID]",
                             "[SalesLT].[Address].[AddressLine2]",
                             "[SalesLT].[Address].[rowguid]",
                             "[SalesLT].[Address].[PostalCode]",
                             "[SalesLT].[ProductDescription]"
$metadataList = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new($includedColumnsAndTables)

Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud
Select-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId $subscriptionId

# use if it's safe to show password in script, otherwise use PromptForCredential
# $user = "username"
# $password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "password" -AsPlainText -Force
# $credential = New-Object -TypeName "System.Management.Automation.PSCredential" -ArgumentList $user, $password

$credential = $Host.ui.PromptForCredential("Need credential",
              "Please enter your user name and password for server "+$serverName+".database.chinacloudapi.cn",
              "",
              "")

# create a new sync group (if you use private link, make sure to manually approve it)
Write-Host "Creating Sync Group "$syncGroupName"..."
New-AzSqlSyncGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -Name $syncGroupName `
    -SyncDatabaseName $syncDatabaseName -SyncDatabaseServerName $syncDatabaseServerName -SyncDatabaseResourceGroupName $syncDatabaseResourceGroupName `
    -ConflictResolutionPolicy $conflictResolutionPolicy -DatabaseCredential $credential -UsePrivateLinkConnection | Format-list

# use if it's safe to show password in script, otherwise use PromptForCredential
# $user = "username"
# $password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "password" -AsPlainText -Force
# $credential = New-Object -TypeName "System.Management.Automation.PSCredential" -ArgumentList $user, $password

$credential = $Host.ui.PromptForCredential("Need credential",
              "Please enter your user name and password for server "+$serverName+".database.chinacloudapi.cn",
              "",
              "")

# add a new sync member (if you use private link, make sure to manually approve it)
Write-Host "Adding member"$syncMemberName" to the sync group..."
New-AzSqlSyncMember -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
    -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -Name $syncMemberName -MemberDatabaseType $memberDatabaseType -SyncAgentResourceGroupName $syncAgentResourceGroupName `
    -SyncAgentServerName $syncAgentServerName -SyncAgentName $syncAgentName  -SyncDirection $syncDirection -SqlServerDatabaseID  $syncAgentInfo.DatabaseId `
    -SyncMemberAzureDatabaseResourceId $syncMemberResourceId -UsePrivateLinkConnection | Format-list

# update existing sync member to use private link connection 
Update-AzSqlSyncMember `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -Name $syncMemberName `
    -MemberDatabaseCredential $memberDatabaseCredential -SyncMemberAzureDatabaseResourceId $syncMemberResourceId -UsePrivateLinkConnection $true
    
# update existing sync group and remove private link connection
Update-AzSqlSyncGroup `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -Name $syncGroupName -UsePrivateLinkConnection $false

# run the following Get-AzSqlSyncGroup/ Get-AzSqlSyncMember commands to confirm that a private link has been setup for Data Sync, if you decide to use private link. 
# Get-AzSqlSyncMember returns information about one or more Azure SQL Database Sync Members. Specify the name of a sync member to see information for only that sync member.
Get-AzSqlSyncMember `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -Name $syncMemberName ` | Format-List
# Get-AzSqlSyncGroup returns information about one or more Azure SQL Database Sync Groups. Specify the name of a sync group to see information for only that sync group.
Get-AzSqlSyncGroup `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName ` | Format-List
    
# approve private endpoint connection, if you decide to use private link
Approve-AzPrivateEndpointConnection `
    -Name myPrivateEndpointConnection -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup -ServiceName myPrivateLinkService

# refresh database schema from hub database, specify the -SyncMemberName parameter if you want to refresh schema from the member database
Write-Host "Refreshing database schema from hub database..."
$startTime = Get-Date
Update-AzSqlSyncSchema -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName

# waiting for successful refresh
$startTime = $startTime.ToUniversalTime()
$timer=0
$timeout=90

# check the log and see if refresh has gone through
Write-Host "Check for successful refresh..."
$isSucceeded = $false
while ($isSucceeded -eq $false) {
    Start-Sleep -s 10
    $timer=$timer+10
    $details = Get-AzSqlSyncSchema -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName
    if ($details.LastUpdateTime -gt $startTime) {
        Write-Host "Refresh was successful"
        $isSucceeded = $true
    }
    if ($timer -eq $timeout) {
        Write-Host "Refresh timed out"
        break;
    }
}

# get the database schema
Write-Host "Adding tables and columns to the sync schema..."
$databaseSchema = Get-AzSqlSyncSchema -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -ServerName $ServerName `
    -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SyncGroupName $SyncGroupName `

$databaseSchema | ConvertTo-Json -depth 5 -Compress | Out-File "C:\Users\OnPremiseServer\AppData\Local\Temp\syncSchema.json"

$newSchema = [AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaModel]::new()
$newSchema.Tables = [List[AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaTableModel]]::new();

# add columns and tables to the sync schema
foreach ($tableSchema in $databaseSchema.Tables) {
    $newTableSchema = [AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaTableModel]::new()
    $newTableSchema.QuotedName = $tableSchema.QuotedName
    $newTableSchema.Columns = [List[AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaColumnModel]]::new();
    $addAllColumns = $false
    if ($MetadataList.Contains($tableSchema.QuotedName)) {
        if ($tableSchema.HasError) {
            $fullTableName = $tableSchema.QuotedName
            Write-Host "Can't add table $fullTableName to the sync schema" -foregroundcolor "Red"
            Write-Host $tableSchema.ErrorId -foregroundcolor "Red"
            continue;
        }
        else {
            $addAllColumns = $true
        }
    }
    foreach($columnSchema in $tableSchema.Columns) {
        $fullColumnName = $tableSchema.QuotedName + "." + $columnSchema.QuotedName
        if ($addAllColumns -or $MetadataList.Contains($fullColumnName)) {
            if ((-not $addAllColumns) -and $tableSchema.HasError) {
                Write-Host "Can't add column $fullColumnName to the sync schema" -foregroundcolor "Red"
                Write-Host $tableSchema.ErrorId -foregroundcolor "Red"
            }
            elseif ((-not $addAllColumns) -and $columnSchema.HasError) {
                Write-Host "Can't add column $fullColumnName to the sync schema" -foregroundcolor "Red"
                Write-Host $columnSchema.ErrorId -foregroundcolor "Red"
            }
            else {
                Write-Host "Adding"$fullColumnName" to the sync schema"
                $newColumnSchema = [AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaColumnModel]::new()
                $newColumnSchema.QuotedName = $columnSchema.QuotedName
                $newColumnSchema.DataSize = $columnSchema.DataSize
                $newColumnSchema.DataType = $columnSchema.DataType
                $newTableSchema.Columns.Add($newColumnSchema)
            }
        }
    }
    if ($newTableSchema.Columns.Count -gt 0) {
        $newSchema.Tables.Add($newTableSchema)
    }
}

# convert sync schema to JSON format
$schemaString = $newSchema | ConvertTo-Json -depth 5 -Compress

# work around a PowerShell bug
$schemaString = $schemaString.Replace('"Tables"', '"tables"').Replace('"Columns"', '"columns"').Replace('"QuotedName"', '"quotedName"').Replace('"MasterSyncMemberName"','"masterSyncMemberName"')

# save the sync schema to a temp file
$schemaString | Out-File $tempFile

# update sync schema
Write-Host "Updating the sync schema..."
Update-AzSqlSyncGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName `
    -DatabaseName $databaseName -Name $syncGroupName -Schema $tempFile

$syncLogStartTime = Get-Date

# trigger sync manually
Write-Host "Trigger sync manually..."
Start-AzSqlSyncGroupSync -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName

# check the sync log and wait until the first sync succeeded
Write-Host "Check the sync log..."
$isSucceeded = $false
for ($i = 0; ($i -lt 300) -and (-not $isSucceeded); $i = $i + 10) {
    Start-Sleep -s 10
    $syncLogEndTime = Get-Date
    $syncLogList = Get-AzSqlSyncGroupLog -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
        -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -StartTime $syncLogStartTime.ToUniversalTime() -EndTime $syncLogEndTime.ToUniversalTime()

    if ($synclogList.Length -gt 0) {
        foreach ($syncLog in $syncLogList) {
            if ($syncLog.Details.Contains("Sync completed successfully")) {
                Write-Host $syncLog.TimeStamp : $syncLog.Details
                $isSucceeded = $true
            }
        }
    }
}

if ($isSucceeded) {
    # enable scheduled sync
    Write-Host "Enable the scheduled sync with 300 seconds interval..."
    Update-AzSqlSyncGroup  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
        -Name $syncGroupName -IntervalInSeconds $intervalInSeconds
}
else {
    # output all log if sync doesn't succeed in 300 seconds
    $syncLogEndTime = Get-Date
    $syncLogList = Get-AzSqlSyncGroupLog  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
        -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -StartTime $syncLogStartTime.ToUniversalTime() -EndTime $syncLogEndTime.ToUniversalTime()

    if ($synclogList.Length -gt 0) {
        foreach ($syncLog in $syncLogList) {
            Write-Host $syncLog.TimeStamp : $syncLog.Details
        }
    }
}

Clean up deployment

After you run the sample script, you can run the following command to remove the resource group and all resources associated with it.

Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName
Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $SyncDatabaseResourceGroupName

Script explanation

This script uses the following commands. Each command in the table links to command-specific documentation.

Related content

For more information about Azure PowerShell, see Azure PowerShell documentation.

Additional SQL Database PowerShell script samples can be found in Azure SQL Database PowerShell scripts.

For more information about SQL Data Sync, see:

• Overview - Sync data across multiple cloud and on-premises databases with SQL Data Sync in Azure
• Set up Data Sync
  • Use the Azure portal - Tutorial: Set up SQL Data Sync to sync data between Azure SQL Database and SQL Server
  • Use PowerShell - Use PowerShell to sync data between a database in Azure SQL Database and SQL Server
• Data Sync Agent - Data Sync Agent for SQL Data Sync in Azure
• Best practices - Best practices for SQL Data Sync in Azure
• Monitor - Monitor SQL Data Sync with Azure Monitor logs
• Troubleshoot - Troubleshoot issues with SQL Data Sync in Azure
• Update the sync schema
  • Use Transact-SQL - Automate the replication of schema changes in SQL Data Sync in Azure
  • Use PowerShell - Use PowerShell to update the sync schema in an existing sync group

For more information about SQL Database, see:

• SQL Database overview
• Database Lifecycle Management