Workload management with resource classes in Azure Synapse Analytics

Article
08/14/2024

Guidance for using resource classes to manage memory and concurrency for Synapse SQL pool queries in Azure Synapse.

What are resource classes?

The performance capacity of a query is determined by the user's resource class. Resource classes are pre-determined resource limits in Synapse SQL pool that govern compute resources and concurrency for query execution. Resource classes can help you configure resources for your queries by setting limits on the number of queries that run concurrently and on the compute-resources assigned to each query. There's a trade-off between memory and concurrency.

Smaller resource classes reduce the maximum memory per query, but increase concurrency.
Larger resource classes increase the maximum memory per query, but reduce concurrency.

There are two types of resource classes:

Static resources classes, which are well suited for increased concurrency on a data set size that is fixed.
Dynamic resource classes, which are well suited for data sets that are growing in size and need increased performance as the service level is scaled up.

Resource classes use concurrency slots to measure resource consumption. Concurrency slots are explained later in this article.

To view the resource utilization for the resource classes, see Memory and concurrency limits.
To adjust the resource class, you can run the query under a different user or change the current user's resource class membership.

Static resource classes

Static resource classes allocate the same amount of memory regardless of the current performance level, which is measured in data warehouse units. Since queries get the same memory allocation regardless of the performance level, scaling out the data warehouse allows more queries to run within a resource class. Static resource classes are ideal if the data volume is known and constant.

The static resource classes are implemented with these pre-defined database roles:

staticrc10
staticrc20
staticrc30
staticrc40
staticrc50
staticrc60
staticrc70
staticrc80

Dynamic resource classes

Dynamic resource classes allocate a variable amount of memory depending on the current service level. While static resource classes are beneficial for higher concurrency and static data volumes, dynamic resource classes are better suited for a growing or variable amount of data. When you scale up to a larger service level, your queries automatically get more memory.

Except for smallrc, the dynamic resource classes are implemented with these pre-defined database roles:

mediumrc
largerc
xlargerc

Smallrc does not appear as a database role, but is the Default resource class.

The memory allocation for each resource class is as follows.

Service Level	smallrc	mediumrc	largerc	xlargerc
DW100c	25%	25%	25%	70%
DW200c	12.5%	12.5%	22%	70%
DW300c	8%	10%	22%	70%
DW400c	6.25%	10%	22%	70%
DW500c	5%	10%	22%	70%
DW1000c to DW30000c	3%	10%	22%	70%

Default resource class

By default, each user is a member of the dynamic resource class smallrc.

The resource class of the service administrator is fixed at smallrc and cannot be changed. The service administrator is the user created during the provisioning process. The service administrator in this context is the login specified for the "Server admin login" when creating a new Synapse SQL pool with a new server.

Note

Users or groups defined as Active Directory admin are also service administrators.

Resource class operations

Resource classes are designed to improve performance for data management and manipulation activities. Complex queries can also benefit from running under a large resource class. For example, query performance for large joins and sorts can improve when the resource class is large enough to enable the query to execute in memory.

Operations governed by resource classes

These operations are governed by resource classes:

INSERT-SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE
SELECT (when querying user tables)
ALTER INDEX - REBUILD or REORGANIZE
ALTER TABLE REBUILD
CREATE INDEX
CREATE CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE INDEX
CREATE TABLE AS SELECT (CTAS)
Data loading
Data movement operations conducted by the Data Movement Service (DMS)

Note

SELECT statements on dynamic management views (DMVs) or other system views are not governed by any of the concurrency limits. You can monitor the system regardless of the number of queries executing on it.

Operations not governed by resource classes

Some queries always run in the smallrc resource class even though the user is a member of a larger resource class. These exempt queries do not count toward the concurrency limit. For example, if the concurrency limit is 16, many users can be selecting from system views without affecting the available concurrency slots.

The following statements are exempt from resource classes and always run in smallrc:

CREATE or DROP TABLE
ALTER TABLE ... SWITCH, SPLIT, or MERGE PARTITION
ALTER INDEX DISABLE
DROP INDEX
CREATE, UPDATE, or DROP STATISTICS
TRUNCATE TABLE
ALTER AUTHORIZATION
CREATE LOGIN
CREATE, ALTER, or DROP USER
CREATE, ALTER, or DROP PROCEDURE
CREATE or DROP VIEW
INSERT VALUES
SELECT from system views and DMVs
EXPLAIN
DBCC

Concurrency slots

Concurrency slots are a convenient way to track the resources available for query execution. They are like tickets that you purchase to reserve seats at a concert because seating is limited. The total number of concurrency slots per data warehouse is determined by the service level. Before a query can start executing, it must be able to reserve enough concurrency slots. When a query completes, it releases its concurrency slots.

A query running with 10 concurrency slots can access 5 times more compute resources than a query running with 2 concurrency slots.
If each query requires 10 concurrency slots and there are 40 concurrency slots, then only 4 queries can run concurrently.

Only resource governed queries consume concurrency slots. System queries and some trivial queries don't consume any slots. The exact number of concurrency slots consumed is determined by the query's resource class.

View the resource classes

Resource classes are implemented as predefined database roles. There are two types of resource classes: dynamic and static. To view a list of the resource classes, use the following query:

SELECT name
FROM   sys.database_principals
WHERE  name LIKE '%rc%' AND type_desc = 'DATABASE_ROLE';

Change a user's resource class

Resource classes are implemented by assigning users to database roles. When a user runs a query, the query runs with the user's resource class. For example, if a user is a member of the staticrc10 database role, their queries run with small amounts of memory. If a database user is a member of the xlargerc or staticrc80 database roles, their queries run with large amounts of memory.

To increase a user's resource class, use sp_addrolemember to add the user to a database role of a large resource class. The following code adds a user to the largerc database role. Each request gets 22% of the system memory.

EXEC sp_addrolemember 'largerc', 'loaduser';

To decrease the resource class, use sp_droprolemember. If 'loaduser' is not a member or any other resource classes, they go into the default smallrc resource class with a 3% memory grant.

EXEC sp_droprolemember 'largerc', 'loaduser';

Resource class precedence

Users can be members of multiple resource classes. When a user belongs to more than one resource class:

Dynamic resource classes take precedence over static resource classes. For example, if a user is a member of both mediumrc (dynamic) and staticrc80 (static), queries run with mediumrc.
Larger resource classes take precedence over smaller resource classes. For example, if a user is a member of mediumrc and largerc, queries run with largerc. Likewise, if a user is a member of both staticrc20 and statirc80, queries run with staticrc80 resource allocations.

Recommendations

Note

Consider leveraging workload management capabilities (workload isolation, classification and importance) for more control over your workload and predictable performance.

We recommend creating a user that is dedicated to running a specific type of query or load operation. Give that user a permanent resource class instead of changing the resource class on a frequent basis. Static resource classes afford greater overall control on the workload, so we suggest using static resource classes before considering dynamic resource classes.

Resource classes for load users

CREATE TABLE uses clustered columnstore indexes by default. Compressing data into a columnstore index is a memory-intensive operation, and memory pressure can reduce the index quality. Memory pressure can lead to needing a higher resource class when loading data. To ensure loads have enough memory, you can create a user that is designated for running loads and assign that user to a higher resource class.

The memory needed to process loads efficiently depends on the nature of the table loaded and the data size. For more information on memory requirements, see Maximizing rowgroup quality.

Once you have determined the memory requirement, choose whether to assign the load user to a static or dynamic resource class.

Use a static resource class when table memory requirements fall within a specific range. Loads run with appropriate memory. When you scale the data warehouse, the loads do not need more memory. By using a static resource class, the memory allocations stay constant. This consistency conserves memory and allows more queries to run concurrently. We recommend that new solutions use the static resource classes first as these provide greater control.
Use a dynamic resource class when table memory requirements vary widely. Loads might require more memory than the current DWU or cDWU level provides. Scaling the data warehouse adds more memory to load operations, which allows loads to perform faster.

Resource classes for queries

Some queries are compute-intensive and some aren't.

Choose a dynamic resource class when queries are complex, but don't need high concurrency. For example, generating daily or weekly reports is an occasional need for resources. If the reports are processing large amounts of data, scaling the data warehouse provides more memory to the user's existing resource class.
Choose a static resource class when resource expectations vary throughout the day. For example, a static resource class works well when the data warehouse is queried by many people. When scaling the data warehouse, the amount of memory allocated to the user doesn't change. Consequently, more queries can be executed in parallel on the system.

Proper memory grants depend on many factors, such as the amount of data queried, the nature of the table schemas, and various joins, select, and group predicates. In general, allocating more memory allows queries to complete faster, but reduces the overall concurrency. If concurrency is not an issue, over-allocating memory does not harm throughput.

To tune performance, use different resource classes. The next section gives a stored procedure that helps you figure out the best resource class.

Example code for finding the best resource class

Use the prc_workload_management_by_DWU stored procedure to:

See the concurrency and memory grant per resource class at a given SLO.
- Provide NULL for both schema and tablename.
See the best resource class for the memory-intensive CCI operations (load, copy table, rebuild index, etc.) on nonpartitioned CCI table at a given resource class.
- The stored proc uses table schema to find out the required memory grant.

For examples, see Usage example.

Dependencies & Restrictions

This stored procedure isn't designed to calculate the memory requirement for a partitioned cci table.
This stored procedure doesn't take memory requirements into account for the SELECT part of CTAS/INSERT-SELECT and assumes it's a SELECT.
This stored procedure uses a temp table, which is available in the session where this stored procedure was created.
This stored procedure depends on the current offerings (for example, hardware configuration, DMS config), and if any of that changes then this stored proc won't work correctly.
This stored procedure depends on existing concurrency limit offerings and if these change then this stored procedure won't work correctly.
This stored procedure depends on existing resource class offerings and if these change then this stored procedure won't work correctly.

Note

If you are not getting output after executing stored procedure with parameters provided, then there could be two cases.

Either DW Parameter contains an invalid SLO value
Or, there is no matching resource class for the CCI operation on the table.

For example, at DW100c, the highest memory grant available is 1 GB, and if table schema is wide enough to cross the requirement of 1 GB.

Usage example

Syntax:
EXEC dbo.prc_workload_management_by_DWU @DWU VARCHAR(7), @SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(128), @TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(128)

@DWU: Either provide a NULL parameter to extract the current DWU from the DW DB or provide any supported DWU in the form of 'DW100c'
@SCHEMA_NAME: Provide a schema name of the table
@TABLE_NAME: Provide a table name of the interest

Examples executing this stored proc:

EXEC dbo.prc_workload_management_by_DWU 'DW2000c', 'dbo', 'Table1';  
EXEC dbo.prc_workload_management_by_DWU NULL, 'dbo', 'Table1';  
EXEC dbo.prc_workload_management_by_DWU 'DW6000c', NULL, NULL;  
EXEC dbo.prc_workload_management_by_DWU NULL, NULL, NULL;

The following statement creates Table1 that is used in the preceding examples. CREATE TABLE Table1 (a int, b varchar(50), c decimal (18,10), d char(10), e varbinary(15), f float, g datetime, h date);

Stored procedure definition

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Dropping prc_workload_management_by_DWU procedure if it exists.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE type = 'P' AND name = 'prc_workload_management_by_DWU')
DROP PROCEDURE dbo.prc_workload_management_by_DWU
GO

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Creating prc_workload_management_by_DWU.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.prc_workload_management_by_DWU
(@DWU VARCHAR(8),
 @SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(128),
 @TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(128)
)
AS

IF @DWU IS NULL
BEGIN
-- Selecting proper DWU for the current DB if not specified.

SELECT @DWU = 'DW'+ CAST(CASE WHEN Mem> 4 THEN Nodes*500
  ELSE Mem*100
  END AS VARCHAR(10)) +'c'
    FROM (
      SELECT Nodes=count(distinct n.pdw_node_id), Mem=max(i.committed_target_kb/1000/1000/60)
        FROM sys.dm_pdw_nodes n
        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_pdw_nodes_os_sys_info i
        WHERE type = 'COMPUTE')A
END

-- Dropping temp table if exists.
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#ref') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
  DROP TABLE #ref;
END;

-- Creating ref. temp table (CTAS) to hold mapping info.
CREATE TABLE #ref
WITH (DISTRIBUTION = ROUND_ROBIN)
AS
WITH
-- Creating concurrency slots mapping for various DWUs.
alloc
AS
(
SELECT 'DW100c' AS DWU,4 AS max_queries,4 AS max_slots,1 AS slots_used_smallrc,1 AS slots_used_mediumrc,2 AS slots_used_largerc,4 AS slots_used_xlargerc,1 AS slots_used_staticrc10,2 AS slots_used_staticrc20,4 AS slots_used_staticrc30,4 AS slots_used_staticrc40,4 AS slots_used_staticrc50,4 AS slots_used_staticrc60,4 AS slots_used_staticrc70,4 AS slots_used_staticrc80
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW200c',8,8,1,2,4,8,1,2,4,8,8,8,8,8
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW300c',12,12,1,2,4,8,1,2,4,8,8,8,8,8
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW400c',16,16,1,4,8,16,1,2,4,8,16,16,16,16
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW500c',20,20,1,4,8,16,1,2,4,8,16,16,16,16
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW1000c',32,40,1,4,8,28,1,2,4,8,16,32,32,32
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW1500c',32,60,1,6,13,42,1,2,4,8,16,32,32,32
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW2000c',48,80,2,8,17,56,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,64
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW2500c',48,100,3,10,22,70,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,64
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW3000c',64,120,3,12,26,84,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,64
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW5000c',64,200,6,20,44,140,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW6000c',128,240,7,24,52,168,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW7500c',128,300,9,30,66,210,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW10000c',128,400,12,40,88,280,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW15000c',128,600,18,60,132,420,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
  UNION ALL
   SELECT 'DW30000c',128,1200,36,120,264,840,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
)
-- Creating workload mapping to their corresponding slot consumption and default memory grant.
,map  
AS
(
  SELECT CONVERT(varchar(20), 'SloDWGroupSmall') AS wg_name, slots_used_smallrc AS slots_used FROM alloc WHERE DWU = @DWU
UNION ALL
  SELECT CONVERT(varchar(20), 'SloDWGroupMedium') AS wg_name, slots_used_mediumrc AS slots_used FROM alloc WHERE DWU = @DWU
UNION ALL
  SELECT CONVERT(varchar(20), 'SloDWGroupLarge') AS wg_name, slots_used_largerc AS slots_used FROM alloc WHERE DWU = @DWU
UNION ALL
  SELECT CONVERT(varchar(20), 'SloDWGroupXLarge') AS wg_name, slots_used_xlargerc AS slots_used FROM alloc WHERE DWU = @DWU
  UNION ALL
  SELECT 'SloDWGroupC00',1
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'SloDWGroupC01',2
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'SloDWGroupC02',4
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'SloDWGroupC03',8
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'SloDWGroupC04',16
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'SloDWGroupC05',32
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'SloDWGroupC06',64
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'SloDWGroupC07',128
)

-- Creating ref based on current / asked DWU.
, ref
AS
(
  SELECT  a1.*
  ,       m1.wg_name          AS wg_name_smallrc
  ,       m1.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_smallrc
  ,       m2.wg_name          AS wg_name_mediumrc
  ,       m2.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_mediumrc
  ,       m3.wg_name          AS wg_name_largerc
  ,       m3.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_largerc
  ,       m4.wg_name          AS wg_name_xlargerc
  ,       m4.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_xlargerc
  ,       m5.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc10
  ,       m5.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc10
  ,       m6.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc20
  ,       m6.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc20
  ,       m7.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc30
  ,       m7.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc30
  ,       m8.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc40
  ,       m8.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc40
  ,       m9.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc50
  ,       m9.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc50
  ,       m10.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc60
  ,       m10.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc60
  ,       m11.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc70
  ,       m11.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc70
  ,       m12.wg_name          AS wg_name_staticrc80
  ,       m12.slots_used * 250 AS tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc80
  FROM alloc a1
  JOIN map   m1  ON a1.slots_used_smallrc     = m1.slots_used and m1.wg_name = 'SloDWGroupSmall'
  JOIN map   m2  ON a1.slots_used_mediumrc    = m2.slots_used and m2.wg_name = 'SloDWGroupMedium'
  JOIN map   m3  ON a1.slots_used_largerc     = m3.slots_used and m3.wg_name = 'SloDWGroupLarge'
  JOIN map   m4  ON a1.slots_used_xlargerc    = m4.slots_used and m4.wg_name = 'SloDWGroupXLarge'
  JOIN map   m5  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc10    = m5.slots_used and m5.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  JOIN map   m6  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc20    = m6.slots_used and m6.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  JOIN map   m7  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc30    = m7.slots_used and m7.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  JOIN map   m8  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc40    = m8.slots_used and m8.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  JOIN map   m9  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc50    = m9.slots_used and m9.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  JOIN map   m10  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc60    = m10.slots_used and m10.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  JOIN map   m11  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc70    = m11.slots_used and m11.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  JOIN map   m12  ON a1.slots_used_staticrc80    = m12.slots_used and m12.wg_name NOT IN ('SloDWGroupSmall','SloDWGroupMedium','SloDWGroupLarge','SloDWGroupXLarge')
  WHERE   a1.DWU = @DWU
)
SELECT  DWU
,       max_queries
,       max_slots
,       slots_used
,       wg_name
,       tgt_mem_grant_MB
,       up1 as rc
,       (ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY DWU ORDER BY DWU)) as rc_id
FROM
(
    SELECT  DWU
    ,       max_queries
    ,       max_slots
    ,       slots_used
    ,       wg_name
    ,       tgt_mem_grant_MB
    ,       REVERSE(SUBSTRING(REVERSE(wg_names),1,CHARINDEX('_',REVERSE(wg_names),1)-1)) as up1
    ,       REVERSE(SUBSTRING(REVERSE(tgt_mem_grant_MBs),1,CHARINDEX('_',REVERSE(tgt_mem_grant_MBs),1)-1)) as up2
    ,       REVERSE(SUBSTRING(REVERSE(slots_used_all),1,CHARINDEX('_',REVERSE(slots_used_all),1)-1)) as up3
    FROM    ref AS r1
    UNPIVOT
    (
        wg_name FOR wg_names IN (wg_name_smallrc,wg_name_mediumrc,wg_name_largerc,wg_name_xlargerc,
        wg_name_staticrc10, wg_name_staticrc20, wg_name_staticrc30, wg_name_staticrc40, wg_name_staticrc50,
        wg_name_staticrc60, wg_name_staticrc70, wg_name_staticrc80)
    ) AS r2
    UNPIVOT
    (
        tgt_mem_grant_MB FOR tgt_mem_grant_MBs IN (tgt_mem_grant_MB_smallrc,tgt_mem_grant_MB_mediumrc,
        tgt_mem_grant_MB_largerc,tgt_mem_grant_MB_xlargerc, tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc10, tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc20,
        tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc30, tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc40, tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc50,
        tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc60, tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc70, tgt_mem_grant_MB_staticrc80)
    ) AS r3
    UNPIVOT
    (
        slots_used FOR slots_used_all IN (slots_used_smallrc,slots_used_mediumrc,slots_used_largerc,
        slots_used_xlargerc, slots_used_staticrc10, slots_used_staticrc20, slots_used_staticrc30,
        slots_used_staticrc40, slots_used_staticrc50, slots_used_staticrc60, slots_used_staticrc70,
        slots_used_staticrc80)
    ) AS r4
) a
WHERE   up1 = up2
AND     up1 = up3
;

-- Getting current info about workload groups.
WITH  
dmv  
AS  
(
  SELECT
          rp.name                                           AS rp_name
  ,       rp.max_memory_kb*1.0/1048576                      AS rp_max_mem_GB
  ,       (rp.max_memory_kb*1.0/1024)
          *(request_max_memory_grant_percent/100)           AS max_memory_grant_MB
  ,       (rp.max_memory_kb*1.0/1048576)
          *(request_max_memory_grant_percent/100)           AS max_memory_grant_GB
  ,       wg.name                                           AS wg_name
  ,       wg.importance                                     AS importance
  ,       wg.request_max_memory_grant_percent               AS request_max_memory_grant_percent
  FROM    sys.dm_pdw_nodes_resource_governor_workload_groups wg
  JOIN    sys.dm_pdw_nodes_resource_governor_resource_pools rp    ON  wg.pdw_node_id  = rp.pdw_node_id
                                                                  AND wg.pool_id      = rp.pool_id
  WHERE   rp.name = 'SloDWPool'
  GROUP BY
          rp.name
  ,       rp.max_memory_kb
  ,       wg.name
  ,       wg.importance
  ,       wg.request_max_memory_grant_percent
)
-- Creating resource class name mapping.
,names
AS
(
  SELECT 'smallrc' as resource_class, 1 as rc_id
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'mediumrc', 2
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'largerc', 3
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'xlargerc', 4
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc10', 5
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc20', 6
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc30', 7
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc40', 8
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc50', 9
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc60', 10
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc70', 11
  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'staticrc80', 12
)
,base AS
(   SELECT  schema_name
    ,       table_name
    ,       SUM(column_count)                   AS column_count
    ,       ISNULL(SUM(short_string_column_count),0)   AS short_string_column_count
    ,       ISNULL(SUM(long_string_column_count),0)    AS long_string_column_count
    FROM    (   SELECT  sm.name                                             AS schema_name
                ,       tb.name                                             AS table_name
                ,       COUNT(co.column_id)                                 AS column_count
                           ,       CASE    WHEN co.system_type_id IN (36,43,106,108,165,167,173,175,231,239)
                                AND  co.max_length <= 32
                                THEN COUNT(co.column_id)
                        END                                                 AS short_string_column_count
                ,       CASE    WHEN co.system_type_id IN (165,167,173,175,231,239)
                                AND  co.max_length > 32 and co.max_length <=8000
                                THEN COUNT(co.column_id)
                        END                                                 AS long_string_column_count
                FROM    sys.schemas AS sm
                JOIN    sys.tables  AS tb   on sm.[schema_id] = tb.[schema_id]
                JOIN    sys.columns AS co   ON tb.[object_id] = co.[object_id]
                           WHERE tb.name = @TABLE_NAME AND sm.name = @SCHEMA_NAME
                GROUP BY sm.name
                ,        tb.name
                ,        co.system_type_id
                ,        co.max_length            ) a
GROUP BY schema_name
,        table_name
)
, size AS
(
SELECT  schema_name
,       table_name
,       75497472                                            AS table_overhead

,       column_count*1048576*8                              AS column_size
,       short_string_column_count*1048576*32                       AS short_string_size,       (long_string_column_count*16777216) AS long_string_size
FROM    base
UNION
SELECT CASE WHEN COUNT(*) = 0 THEN 'EMPTY' END as schema_name
         ,CASE WHEN COUNT(*) = 0 THEN 'EMPTY' END as table_name
         ,CASE WHEN COUNT(*) = 0 THEN 0 END as table_overhead
         ,CASE WHEN COUNT(*) = 0 THEN 0 END as column_size
         ,CASE WHEN COUNT(*) = 0 THEN 0 END as short_string_size

,CASE WHEN COUNT(*) = 0 THEN 0 END as long_string_size
FROM   base
)
, load_multiplier as
(
SELECT  CASE
          WHEN FLOOR(8 * (CAST (CAST(REPLACE(REPLACE(@DWU,'DW',''),'c','') AS INT) AS FLOAT)/6000)) > 0
            AND CHARINDEX(@DWU,'c')=0
          THEN FLOOR(8 * (CAST (CAST(REPLACE(REPLACE(@DWU,'DW',''),'c','') AS INT) AS FLOAT)/6000))
          ELSE 1
        END AS multiplication_factor
)
       SELECT  r1.DWU
       , schema_name
       , table_name
       , rc.resource_class as closest_rc_in_increasing_order
       , max_queries_at_this_rc = CASE
             WHEN (r1.max_slots / r1.slots_used > r1.max_queries)
                  THEN r1.max_queries
             ELSE r1.max_slots / r1.slots_used
                  END
       , r1.max_slots as max_concurrency_slots
       , r1.slots_used as required_slots_for_the_rc
       , r1.tgt_mem_grant_MB  as rc_mem_grant_MB
       , CAST((table_overhead*1.0+column_size+short_string_size+long_string_size)*multiplication_factor/1048576    AS DECIMAL(18,2)) AS est_mem_grant_required_for_cci_operation_MB
       FROM    size
       , load_multiplier
       , #ref r1, names  rc
       WHERE r1.rc_id=rc.rc_id
                     AND CAST((table_overhead*1.0+column_size+short_string_size+long_string_size)*multiplication_factor/1048576    AS DECIMAL(18,2)) < r1.tgt_mem_grant_MB
       ORDER BY ABS(CAST((table_overhead*1.0+column_size+short_string_size+long_string_size)*multiplication_factor/1048576    AS DECIMAL(18,2)) - r1.tgt_mem_grant_MB)
GO

For more information about managing database users and security, see Secure a database in Synapse SQL. For more information about how larger resource classes can improve clustered columnstore index quality, see Memory optimizations for columnstore compression.

Workload management with resource classes in Azure Synapse Analytics

What are resource classes?

Static resource classes

Dynamic resource classes

Default resource class

Resource class operations

Operations governed by resource classes

Operations not governed by resource classes

Concurrency slots

View the resource classes

Change a user's resource class

Resource class precedence

Recommendations

Resource classes for load users

Resource classes for queries

Example code for finding the best resource class

Dependencies & Restrictions

Usage example

Stored procedure definition

Related content

Additional resources