教程：使用托管标识从应用服务连接到 Azure 数据库，而无需使用密钥

1. 安装依赖项。

   dotnet add package Microsoft.Data.SqlClient
   

2. 从服务连接器添加的环境变量中获取 Azure SQL 数据库连接字符串。

   using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;
   
   // AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING should be one of the following:
   // For system-assigned managed identity:"Server=tcp:<server-name>.database.chinacloudapi.cn;Database=<database-name>;Authentication=Active Directory Default;TrustServerCertificate=True"
   // For user-assigned managed identity: "Server=tcp:<server-name>.database.chinacloudapi.cn;Database=<database-name>;Authentication=Active Directory Default;User Id=<client-id-of-user-assigned-identity>;TrustServerCertificate=True"
   
   string connectionString = 
       Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING")!;
   
   using var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
   connection.Open();
   

   有关详细信息，请参阅使用 Active Directory 托管标识身份验证。

1. 将以下依赖项添加到 pom.xml 文件：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
       <artifactId>azure-identity</artifactId>
       <version>1.4.6</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
       <artifactId>mssql-jdbc</artifactId>
       <version>10.2.0.jre11</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. 从服务连接器添加的环境变量中获取 Azure SQL 数据库连接字符串。

   import java.sql.Connection;
   import java.sql.ResultSet;
   import java.sql.Statement;
   
   import com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDataSource;
   
   public class Main {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           // AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING should be one of the following:
           // For system-assigned managed identity: "jdbc:sqlserver://{SQLName}.database.chinacloudapi.cn:1433;databaseName={SQLDbName};authentication=ActiveDirectoryMSI;"
           // For user-assigned managed identity: "jdbc:sqlserver://{SQLName}.database.chinacloudapi.cn:1433;databaseName={SQLDbName};msiClientId={UserAssignedMiClientId};authentication=ActiveDirectoryMSI;"
           String connectionString = System.getenv("AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING");
           SQLServerDataSource ds = new SQLServerDataSource();
           ds.setURL(connectionString);
           try (Connection connection = ds.getConnection()) {
               System.out.println("Connected successfully.");
           } catch (SQLException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
       }
   }
   

有关详细信息，请参阅使用 Microsoft Entra 身份验证进行连接。

1. 安装依赖项。

   python -m pip install pyodbc
   

2. 从服务连接器添加的环境变量中获取 Azure SQL 数据库连接配置。 对想要使用的身份验证类型的代码片段部分取消注释。

   import os;
   import pyodbc
   
   server = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_SERVER')
   port = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_PORT')
   database = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_DATABASE')
   authentication = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_AUTHENTICATION')  # The value should be 'ActiveDirectoryMsi'
   
   # Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   # For system-assigned managed identity.
   # connString = f'Driver={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};Server={server},{port};Database={database};Authentication={authentication};Encrypt=yes;'
   
   # For user-assigned managed identity.
   # client_id = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_USER')
   # connString = f'Driver={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};Server={server},{port};Database={database};UID={client_id};Authentication={authentication};Encrypt=yes;'
   
   conn = pyodbc.connect(connString)
   

   对于替代方法，还可以使用访问令牌连接到 Azure SQL 数据库，请参阅迁移 Python 应用程序以将无密码连接用于 Azure SQL 数据库。

1. 安装依赖项。

   npm install mssql
   

2. 从服务连接器添加的环境变量中获取 Azure SQL 数据库连接配置。 对想要使用的身份验证类型的代码片段部分取消注释。

   import sql from 'mssql';
   
   const server = process.env.AZURE_SQL_SERVER;
   const database = process.env.AZURE_SQL_DATABASE;
   const port = parseInt(process.env.AZURE_SQL_PORT);
   const authenticationType = process.env.AZURE_SQL_AUTHENTICATIONTYPE;
   
   // Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   // For system-assigned managed identity.
   // const config = {
   //     server,
   //     port,
   //     database,
   //     authentication: {
   //         authenticationType
   //     },
   //     options: {
   //        encrypt: true
   //     }
   // };  
   
   // For user-assigned managed identity.
   // const clientId = process.env.AZURE_SQL_CLIENTID;
   // const config = {
   //     server,
   //     port,
   //     database,
   //     authentication: {
   //         type: authenticationType
   //     },
   //     options: {
   //         encrypt: true,
   //         clientId: clientId
   //     }
   // };  
   
   this.poolconnection = await sql.connect(config);
   

对于 .NET，请使用 Azure.Identity 等客户端库获取托管标识的访问令牌。 然后，使用访问令牌作为密码来连接到数据库。 使用下面的代码时，请确保取消注释与你要使用的身份验证类型相对应的代码片段部分。

using Azure.Core;
using Azure.Identity;
using MySqlConnector;

// Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
// For system-assigned managed identity.
// var credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();

// For user-assigned managed identity.
// var credential = new DefaultAzureCredential(
//     new DefaultAzureCredentialOptions
//     {
//         ManagedIdentityClientId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_MYSQL_CLIENTID");
//     });

var tokenRequestContext = new TokenRequestContext(
    new[] { "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default" });
AccessToken accessToken = await credential.GetTokenAsync(tokenRequestContext);
// Open a connection to the MySQL server using the access token.
string connectionString =
    $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_MYSQL_CONNECTIONSTRING")};Password={accessToken.Token}";

using var connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
Console.WriteLine("Opening connection using access token...");
await connection.OpenAsync();

// do something

1. 将以下依赖项添加到 pom.xml 文件：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       <version>8.0.30</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
       <artifactId>azure-identity-extensions</artifactId>
       <version>1.1.5</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. 从环境变量获取连接字符串，并添加插件名称以连接到数据库：

   String url = System.getenv("AZURE_MYSQL_CONNECTIONSTRING");  
   String pluginName = "com.azure.identity.extensions.jdbc.mysql.AzureMysqlAuthenticationPlugin";
   Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url + "&defaultAuthenticationPlugin=" +
       pluginName + "&authenticationPlugins=" + pluginName);
   

有关详细信息，请参阅将 Java 和 JDBC 与 Azure Database for MySQL 灵活服务器配合使用。

1. 安装依赖项。

   pip install azure-identity
   # install Connector/Python https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-python/en/connector-python-installation.html
   pip install mysql-connector-python
   

2. 使用 azure-identity 库中的访问令牌进行身份验证。 从服务连接器添加的环境变量中获取连接信息。 使用下面的代码时，请确保取消注释与你要使用的身份验证类型相对应的代码片段部分。

   from azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential
   import mysql.connector
   import os
   
   # Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   # For system-assigned managed identity.
   # cred = ManagedIdentityCredential()    
   
   # For user-assigned managed identity.
   # managed_identity_client_id = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_CLIENTID')
   # cred = ManagedIdentityCredential(client_id=managed_identity_client_id)
   
   # acquire token
   accessToken = cred.get_token('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default')
   
   # open connect to Azure MySQL with the access token.
   host = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_HOST')
   database = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_NAME')
   user = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_USER')
   password = accessToken.token
   
   cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user=user,
                                 password=password,
                                 host=host,
                                 database=database)
   cnx.close()
   
   

1. 安装依赖项。

   npm install --save @azure/identity
   npm install --save mysql2
   

2. 从服务连接器添加的环境变量中使用 @azure/identity 和 Azure MySQL 数据库信息获取访问令牌。 使用下面的代码时，请确保取消注释与你要使用的身份验证类型相对应的代码片段部分。

   import { DefaultAzureCredential,ClientSecretCredential } from "@azure/identity";
   
   const mysql = require('mysql2');
   
   // Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   // for system-assigned managed identity
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();
   
   // for user-assigned managed identity
   // const clientId = process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_CLIENTID;
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({
   //    managedIdentityClientId: clientId
   // });
   
   // acquire token
   var accessToken = await credential.getToken('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default');
   
   const connection = mysql.createConnection({
     host: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_HOST,
     user: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_USER,
     password: accessToken.token,
     database: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_DATABASE,
     port: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_PORT,
     ssl: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_SSL
   });
   
   connection.connect((err) => {
     if (err) {
       console.error('Error connecting to MySQL database: ' + err.stack);
       return;
     }
     console.log('Connected to MySQL database');
   });
   

对于 .NET，请使用 Azure.Identity 等客户端库获取托管标识的访问令牌。 然后，使用访问令牌作为密码来连接到数据库。 使用下面的代码时，请确保取消注释与你要使用的身份验证类型相对应的代码片段部分。

using Azure.Identity;
using Azure.Core;
using Npgsql;

// Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
// For system-assigned identity.
// var sqlServerTokenProvider = new DefaultAzureCredential();

// For user-assigned identity.
// var sqlServerTokenProvider = new DefaultAzureCredential(
//     new DefaultAzureCredentialOptions
//     {
//         ManagedIdentityClientId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID");
//     }
// );

// Acquire the access token. 
AccessToken accessToken = await sqlServerTokenProvider.GetTokenAsync(
    new TokenRequestContext(scopes: new string[]
    {
        "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default"
    }));

// Combine the token with the connection string from the environment variables provided by Service Connector.
string connectionString =
    $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CONNECTIONSTRING")};Password={accessToken.Token}";

// Establish the connection.
using (var connection = new NpgsqlConnection(connectionString))
{
    Console.WriteLine("Opening connection using access token...");
    connection.Open();
}

1. 将以下依赖项添加到 pom.xml 文件：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
       <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
       <version>42.3.6</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
       <artifactId>azure-identity-extensions</artifactId>
       <version>1.1.5</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. 从环境变量获取连接字符串，并添加插件名称以连接到数据库：

   import java.sql.*;
   
   String url = System.getenv("AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CONNECTIONSTRING");
   String pluginName = "com.Azure.identity.extensions.jdbc.postgresql.AzurePostgresqlAuthenticationPlugin";  
   Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url + "&authenticationPluginClassName=" + pluginName);
   

有关详细信息，请参阅以下资源：

• 快速入门：将 Java和 JDBC 与 Azure Database for PostgreSQL 灵活服务器配合使用

1. 安装依赖项。

   pip install azure-identity
   pip install psycopg2-binary
   

2. 使用 azure-identity 库中的访问令牌进行身份验证并将该令牌用作密码。 从服务连接器添加的环境变量中获取连接信息。 使用下面的代码时，请确保取消注释与你要使用的身份验证类型相对应的代码片段部分。

   from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
   import psycopg2
   
   # Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   # For system-assigned identity.
   # cred = DefaultAzureCredential()
   
   # For user-assigned identity.
   # managed_identity_client_id = os.getenv('AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID')
   # cred = ManagedIdentityCredential(client_id=managed_identity_client_id)   
   
   # Acquire the access token
   accessToken = cred.get_token('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default')
   
   # Combine the token with the connection string from the environment variables added by Service Connector to establish the connection.
   conn_string = os.getenv('AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CONNECTIONSTRING')
   conn = psycopg2.connect(conn_string + ' password=' + accessToken.token) 
   

1. 安装依赖项。

   npm install --save @azure/identity
   npm install --save pg
   

2. 在代码中，使用服务连接器服务添加的环境变量中的 PostgreSQL 连接信息通过 @azure/identity 获取访问令牌。 组合使用它们来建立连接。 使用下面的代码时，请确保取消注释与你要使用的身份验证类型相对应的代码片段部分。

   import { DefaultAzureCredential, ClientSecretCredential } from "@azure/identity";
   const { Client } = require('pg');
   
   // Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.  
   // For system-assigned identity.
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();
   
   // For user-assigned identity.
   // const clientId = process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID;
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({
   //     managedIdentityClientId: clientId
   // });
   
   // Acquire the access token.
   var accessToken = await credential.getToken('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default');
   
   // Use the token and the connection information from the environment variables added by Service Connector to establish the connection.
   (async () => {
   const client = new Client({
       host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
       user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
       password: accesstoken.token,
       database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
       port: Number(process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT) ,
       ssl: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_SSL
   });
   await client.connect();
   
   await client.end();
   })();