快速入门：适用于 Python 的 Azure Cosmos DB for Apache Gremlin 库

Artículo
09/14/2024

适用对象： Gremlin

Azure Cosmos DB for Apache Gremlin 是一种完全托管的图形数据库服务，用于实现常用的 Apache Tinkerpop（使用 Gremlin 查询语言的图形计算框架）。 API for Gremlin 为你提供了一种低摩擦方式来将 Gremlin 与服务结合使用，可通过最少的管理根据需要进行增长和横向扩展。

在本快速入门中，你会使用 gremlinpython 库连接到新建的 Azure Cosmos DB for Gremlin 帐户。

库源代码 | 包 (PyPi)

先决条件

具有活动订阅的 Azure 帐户。
- 无 Azure 订阅？注册 Azure 帐户。
Python（最新）
- 尚未安装 Python？在 GitHub Codespaces 中试用本快速入门。
Azure 命令行接口 (CLI)

设置

本部分会引导你创建 API for Gremlin 帐户并设置 Python 项目以使用该库连接到帐户。

创建 API for Gremlin 帐户

在使用 Python 库之前，应先创建 API for Gremlin 帐户。此外，建立数据库和图表也很有帮助。

为 accountName、resourceGroupName 和 location 创建 shell 变量。

# Variable for resource group name
resourceGroupName="msdocs-cosmos-gremlin-quickstart"
location="westus"

# Variable for account name with a randomly generated suffix

let suffix=$RANDOM*$RANDOM
accountName="msdocs-gremlin-$suffix"

如果尚未登录到 Azure CLI，请使用 az login 登录。

使用 az group create 在订阅中创建新的资源组。

az group create \
    --name $resourceGroupName \
    --location $location

使用 az cosmosdb create 创建具有默认设置的新 API for Gremlin 帐户。

az cosmosdb create \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --name $accountName \
    --capabilities "EnableGremlin" \
    --locations regionName=$location \
    --enable-free-tier true

使用 az cosmosdb show 获取帐户的 API for Gremlin 终结点 NAME。

az cosmosdb show \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --name $accountName \
    --query "name"

使用 az-cosmosdb-keys-list 从帐户的密钥列表中查找 KEY。

az cosmosdb keys list \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --name $accountName \
    --type "keys" \
    --query "primaryMasterKey"

记录 NAME 和 KEY 的值。稍后会使用这些凭据。

使用 az cosmosdb gremlin database create 创建名为“cosmicworks”的数据库。

az cosmosdb gremlin database create \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --account-name $accountName \
    --name "cosmicworks"

使用 az cosmosdb gremlin graph create 创建图形。将图形命名为“products”，然后将吞吐量设置为“400”，最后将分区键路径设置为“/category”。

az cosmosdb gremlin graph create \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --account-name $accountName \
    --database-name "cosmicworks" \
    --name "products" \
    --partition-key-path "/category" \
    --throughput 400

创建一个新的 Python 控制台应用程序

使用首选终端在空文件夹中创建一个 Python 控制台应用程序。

在空文件夹中打开终端。
创建 app.py 文件。
```
touch app.py
```

安装 PyPI 包

将 gremlinpython PyPI 包添加到 Python 项目。

创建 requirements.txt 文件。
```
touch requirements.txt
```
将 Python 包索引中的 gremlinpython 包添加到要求文件。
```
gremlinpython==3.7.0
```
为项目安装所有要求。
```
python install -r requirements.txt
```

配置环境变量

要使用本快速入门中前面获得的 NAME 和 URI 值，请将其保存到运行应用程序的本地计算机上的新环境变量。

要设置环境变量，请使用终端将值分别保留为“COSMOS_ENDPOINT”和“COSMOS_KEY”。
```
export COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT="<account-name>"
export COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY="<account-key>"
```

验证是否已正确设置环境变量。

printenv COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT
printenv COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY

本文中的代码连接到名为“cosmicworks”的数据库和名为“products”的图形。然后，代码在遍历添加的项之前，将顶点和边缘添加到图形。

验证客户端

对大多数 Azure 服务的应用程序请求必须获得授权。对于 API for Gremlin，请使用本快速入门前面获取的名称和 URI 值。

打开 app.py 文件。
从 gremlin_python.driver 模块导入 client 和 serializer。

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

根据 Python 的版本，可能还需要导入 asyncio 并替代事件循环策略：

import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())

创建 ACCOUNT_NAME 和 ACCOUNT_KEY 变量。将 COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT 和 COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY 环境变量存储为每个相应变量的值。

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

使用 Client 通过帐户的凭据和 GraphSON 2.0 序列化程序进行连接。

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

创建顶点

现在，应用程序已连接到帐户，请使用标准 Gremlin 语法创建顶点。

使用“submit”在 API for Gremlin 帐户的服务器端运行命令。使用以下属性创建产品顶点：

值

label product

id 68719518371

name Kiama classic surfboard

price 285.55

category surfboards

	值
label	`product`
id	`68719518371`
`name`	`Kiama classic surfboard`
`price`	`285.55`
`category`	`surfboards`

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

使用以下属性创建第二个产品顶点：

值

label product

id 68719518403

name Montau Turtle Surfboard

price 600.00

category surfboards

	值
label	`product`
id	`68719518403`
`name`	`Montau Turtle Surfboard`
`price`	`600.00`
`category`	`surfboards`

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

使用以下属性创建第三个产品顶点：

值

label product

id 68719518409

name Bondi Twin Surfboard

price 585.50

category surfboards

	值
label	`product`
id	`68719518409`
`name`	`Bondi Twin Surfboard`
`price`	`585.50`
`category`	`surfboards`

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

创建边缘

使用 Gremlin 语法创建边缘，以定义顶点之间的关系。

创建从名为“替换”的 Montau Turtle Surfboard 产品到 Kiama classic surfboard 产品的边缘。

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

提示

此边缘定义使用 g.V(['<partition-key>', '<id>']) 语法。或者，也可使用 g.V('<id>').has('category', '<partition-key>')。

创建从同一产品到 Bondi Twin Surfboard 的另一个替换边缘。

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

查询顶点和边缘

使用 Gremlin 语法遍历图形并发现顶点之间的关系。

遍历图形并查找 Montau Turtle Surfboard 替换的所有顶点。

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

将此遍历的结果写入控制台。

# <imports>
import os
from gremlin_python.driver import client, serializer

# </imports>

# <import_async_bug_fix>
import asyncio
import sys

if sys.platform == "win32":
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
# </import_async_bug_fix>

# <environment_variables>
ACCOUNT_NAME = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_ENDPOINT"]
ACCOUNT_KEY = os.environ["COSMOS_GREMLIN_KEY"]
# </environment_variables>

# <authenticate_connect_client>
client = client.Client(
    url=f"wss://{ACCOUNT_NAME}.gremlin.cosmos.azure.cn:443/",
    traversal_source="g",
    username="/dbs/cosmicworks/colls/products",
    password=f"{ACCOUNT_KEY}",
    message_serializer=serializer.GraphSONSerializersV2d0(),
)
# </authenticate_connect_client>

# <drop_graph>
client.submit(message="g.V().drop()")
# </drop_graph>

# <create_vertices_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518371",
        "prop_name": "Kiama classic surfboard",
        "prop_price": 285.55,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_1>

# <create_vertices_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 600.00,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_2>

# <create_vertices_3>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.addV('product')"
        ".property('id', prop_id)"
        ".property('name', prop_name)"
        ".property('price', prop_price)"
        ".property('category', prop_partition_key)"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_id": "68719518409",
        "prop_name": "Bondi Twin Surfboard",
        "prop_price": 585.50,
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
    },
)
# </create_vertices_3>

# <create_edges_1>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518371",
    },
)
# </create_edges_1>

# <create_edges_2>
client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_source_id])"
        ".addE('replaces')"
        ".to(g.V([prop_partition_key, prop_target_id]))"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_source_id": "68719518403",
        "prop_target_id": "68719518409",
    },
)
# </create_edges_2>

# <query_vertices_edges>
result = client.submit(
    message=(
        "g.V().hasLabel('product')"
        ".has('category', prop_partition_key)"
        ".has('name', prop_name)"
        ".outE('replaces').inV()"
    ),
    bindings={
        "prop_partition_key": "surfboards",
        "prop_name": "Montau Turtle Surfboard",
    },
)
# </query_vertices_edges>

# <output_vertices_edges>
print(result)
# </output_vertices_edges>

运行代码

运行应用程序以验证应用程序是否按预期工作。应用程序执行时应没有错误或警告。应用程序的输出包括有关创建项和查询项的数据。

在 Python 项目文件夹中打开终端。
使用 python <filename> 运行应用程序。观察应用程序的输出。
```
python app.py
```

清理资源

当不再需要 API for Gremlin 帐户时，删除相应的资源组。

为 resourceGroupName 创建 shell 变量（如果尚不存在）。

# Variable for resource group name
resourceGroupName="msdocs-cosmos-gremlin-quickstart"

使用 az group delete 删除资源组。

az group delete \
    --name $resourceGroupName

下一步

使用 Azure Cosmos DB for Apache Gremlin 创建和查询数据

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