保存用户和聊天数据

设置状态管理时，第一步是定义类，这些类将包含需要在用户和聊天状态中管理的信息。 本文中使用的示例定义以下类：

• 在 UserProfile.cs 中，为机器人将要收集的用户信息定义 UserProfile 类。
• 在 ConversationData.cs 中定义一个 ConversationData 类，用于在收集用户信息时控制聊天状态。

以下代码示例显示了 UserProfile 和 ConversationData 类的定义。

UserProfile.cs

public class UserProfile
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

ConversationData.cs

public class ConversationData
{
    // The time-stamp of the most recent incoming message.
    public string Timestamp { get; set; }

    // The ID of the user's channel.
    public string ChannelId { get; set; }

    // Track whether we have already asked the user's name
    public bool PromptedUserForName { get; set; } = false;
}

JavaScript 中不需要此步骤。

设置状态管理时，第一步是定义类，这些类将包含需要在用户和聊天状态中管理的信息。 本文中使用的示例定义以下类：

• 在 UserProfile.java 中，为机器人将要收集的用户信息定义 UserProfile 类。
• 在 ConversationData.java 中定义一个 ConversationData 类，用于在收集用户信息时控制聊天状态。

以下代码示例显示了 UserProfile 和 ConversationData 类的定义。

UserProfile.java

public class UserProfile {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String withName) {
        name = withName;
    }
}

ConversationData.java

public class ConversationData {
    // The time-stamp of the most recent incoming message.
    private String timestamp;
    // The ID of the user's channel.
    private String channelId;
    // Track whether we have already asked the user's name.
    private boolean promptedUserForName = false;

    public String getTimestamp() {
        return timestamp;
    }

    public void setTimestamp(String withTimestamp) {
        timestamp = withTimestamp;
    }

    public String getChannelId() {
        return channelId;
    }

    public void setChannelId(String withChannelId) {
        channelId = withChannelId;
    }

    public boolean getPromptedUserForName() {
        return promptedUserForName;
    }

    public void setPromptedUserForName(boolean withPromptedUserForName) {

设置状态管理时，第一步是定义类，这些类将包含需要在用户和聊天状态中管理的信息。 本文中使用的示例定义以下类：

• user_profile.py 包含 UserProfile 类，用于存储机器人收集的用户信息。
• conversation_data.py 包含 ConversationData 类，用于控制收集用户信息时的对话状态。

以下代码示例显示了 UserProfile 和 ConversationData 类的定义。

user_profile.py

class UserProfile:
    def __init__(self, name: str = None):
        self.name = name

conversation_data.py

class ConversationData:
    def __init__(
        self,
        timestamp: str = None,
        channel_id: str = None,
        prompted_for_user_name: bool = False,
    ):
        self.timestamp = timestamp
        self.channel_id = channel_id
        self.prompted_for_user_name = prompted_for_user_name

接下来，注册用于创建 MemoryStorage 和 UserState 对象的 ConversationState。 用户和聊天状态对象在Startup时创建，依赖项会注入机器人构造函数中。 机器人的其他已注册服务：凭据提供程序、适配器和机器人实现。

Startup.cs

// {
//     TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All,
// var storage = new BlobsStorage("<blob-storage-connection-string>", "bot-state");

// With a custom JSON SERIALIZER, use this instead.
// var storage = new BlobsStorage("<blob-storage-connection-string>", "bot-state", jsonSerializer);

/* END AZURE BLOB STORAGE */

Bots/StateManagementBot.cs

private BotState _conversationState;
private BotState _userState;

public StateManagementBot(ConversationState conversationState, UserState userState)
{
    _conversationState = conversationState;
    _userState = userState;
}

接下来，注册随后用于创建 MemoryStorage 和 UserState 对象的 ConversationState。 这些项在 index.js 创建，在创建机器人后使用。

index.js

// Define state store for your bot.
// See https://aka.ms/about-bot-state to learn more about bot state.
const memoryStorage = new MemoryStorage();

// Create conversation and user state with in-memory storage provider.
const conversationState = new ConversationState(memoryStorage);
const userState = new UserState(memoryStorage);

// Create the bot.
const bot = new StateManagementBot(conversationState, userState);

bots/stateManagementBot.js

// The accessor names for the conversation data and user profile state property accessors.
const CONVERSATION_DATA_PROPERTY = 'conversationData';
const USER_PROFILE_PROPERTY = 'userProfile';

class StateManagementBot extends ActivityHandler {
    constructor(conversationState, userState) {
        super();
        // Create the state property accessors for the conversation data and user profile.
        this.conversationDataAccessor = conversationState.createProperty(CONVERSATION_DATA_PROPERTY);
        this.userProfileAccessor = userState.createProperty(USER_PROFILE_PROPERTY);

        // The state management objects for the conversation and user state.
        this.conversationState = conversationState;
        this.userState = userState;

接下来，在 Application.java 中注册 StateManagementBot。 默认情况下，ConversationState 和 UserState 都是从 BotDependencyConfiguration 类提供的，Spring 会将它们注入到 getBot 方法中。

Application.java

@Bean
public Bot getBot(
    ConversationState conversationState,
    UserState userState
) {
    return new StateManagementBot(conversationState, userState);
}

接下来，注册用于创建 MemoryStorage 和 UserState 对象的 ConversationState。 这些项在 app.py 创建，在创建机器人后使用。

app.py

CONVERSATION_STATE = ConversationState(MEMORY)

# Create Bot
BOT = StateManagementBot(CONVERSATION_STATE, USER_STATE)

# Listen for incoming requests on /api/messages.

bots/state_management_bot.py

def __init__(self, conversation_state: ConversationState, user_state: UserState):
    if conversation_state is None:
        raise TypeError(
            "[StateManagementBot]: Missing parameter. conversation_state is required but None was given"
        )
    if user_state is None:
        raise TypeError(
            "[StateManagementBot]: Missing parameter. user_state is required but None was given"
        )

    self.conversation_state = conversation_state
    self.user_state = user_state

    self.conversation_data_accessor = self.conversation_state.create_property(
        "ConversationData"
    )
    self.user_profile_accessor = self.user_state.create_property("UserProfile")

现在，使用 CreateProperty 方法来创建属性访问器，该方法提供 BotState 对象的句柄。 每个状态属性访问器允许获取或设置关联状态属性的值。 在使用状态属性之前，使用每个访问器从存储加载属性，并从状态缓存获取该属性。 为了将范围设置适当的密钥与状态属性相关联，请调用 GetAsync 方法。

Bots/StateManagementBot.cs

var conversationStateAccessors = _conversationState.CreateProperty<ConversationData>(nameof(ConversationData));
var userStateAccessors = _userState.CreateProperty<UserProfile>(nameof(UserProfile));

现在，为 UserState 和 ConversationState 创建属性访问器。 每个状态属性访问器允许获取或设置关联状态属性的值。 使用每个访问器从存储加载关联的属性，并从缓存中检索其当前状态。

bots/stateManagementBot.js

constructor(conversationState, userState) {
    super();
    // Create the state property accessors for the conversation data and user profile.
    this.conversationDataAccessor = conversationState.createProperty(CONVERSATION_DATA_PROPERTY);
    this.userProfileAccessor = userState.createProperty(USER_PROFILE_PROPERTY);

现在，使用 createProperty 方法创建属性访问器。 每个状态属性访问器允许获取或设置关联状态属性的值。 在使用状态属性之前，使用每个访问器从存储加载属性，并从状态缓存获取该属性。 为了将范围设置适当的密钥与状态属性相关联，请调用 get 方法。

StateManagementBot.java

StatePropertyAccessor<ConversationData> dataAccessor =
    conversationState.createProperty("data");
CompletableFuture<ConversationData> dataFuture =
    dataAccessor.get(turnContext, ConversationData::new);

现在，为 UserProfile 和 ConversationData 创建属性访问器。 每个状态属性访问器允许获取或设置关联状态属性的值。 使用每个访问器从存储加载关联的属性，并从缓存中检索其当前状态。

bots/state_management_bot.py

self.conversation_data_accessor = self.conversation_state.create_property(
    "ConversationData"
)
self.user_profile_accessor = self.user_state.create_property("UserProfile")

• 如果 userProfile.Name 为空且 conversationData.PromptedUserForName 为 true，请检索提供的用户名并将其存储在用户状态中。
• 如果 userProfile.Name 为空且 conversationData.PromptedUserForName 为 false，请索要用户名。
• 如果之前已存储 userProfile.Name，请从用户输入中检索消息时间和通道 ID，将所有数据回显给用户，然后将检索的数据存储在对话状态中。

Bots/StateManagementBot.cs

protected override async Task OnMessageActivityAsync(ITurnContext<IMessageActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    // Get the state properties from the turn context.

    var conversationStateAccessors = _conversationState.CreateProperty<ConversationData>(nameof(ConversationData));
    var conversationData = await conversationStateAccessors.GetAsync(turnContext, () => new ConversationData());

    var userStateAccessors = _userState.CreateProperty<UserProfile>(nameof(UserProfile));
    var userProfile = await userStateAccessors.GetAsync(turnContext, () => new UserProfile());

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userProfile.Name))
    {
        // First time around this is set to false, so we will prompt user for name.
        if (conversationData.PromptedUserForName)
        {
            // Set the name to what the user provided.
            userProfile.Name = turnContext.Activity.Text?.Trim();

            // Acknowledge that we got their name.
            await turnContext.SendActivityAsync($"Thanks {userProfile.Name}. To see conversation data, type anything.");

            // Reset the flag to allow the bot to go through the cycle again.
            conversationData.PromptedUserForName = false;
        }
        else
        {
            // Prompt the user for their name.
            await turnContext.SendActivityAsync($"What is your name?");

            // Set the flag to true, so we don't prompt in the next turn.
            conversationData.PromptedUserForName = true;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Add message details to the conversation data.
        // Convert saved Timestamp to local DateTimeOffset, then to string for display.
        var messageTimeOffset = (DateTimeOffset)turnContext.Activity.Timestamp;
        var localMessageTime = messageTimeOffset.ToLocalTime();
        conversationData.Timestamp = localMessageTime.ToString();
        conversationData.ChannelId = turnContext.Activity.ChannelId.ToString();

        // Display state data.
        await turnContext.SendActivityAsync($"{userProfile.Name} sent: {turnContext.Activity.Text}");
        await turnContext.SendActivityAsync($"Message received at: {conversationData.Timestamp}");
        await turnContext.SendActivityAsync($"Message received from: {conversationData.ChannelId}");
    }
}

在退出轮次处理程序之前，使用状态管理对象的 SaveChangesAsync() 方法将所有状态更改写回到存储中。

Bots/StateManagementBot.cs

public override async Task OnTurnAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
{
    await base.OnTurnAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken);

    // Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
    await _conversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken);
    await _userState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken);
}

• 如果 userProfile.Name 为空且 conversationData.PromptedUserForName 为 true，请检索提供的用户名并将其存储在用户状态中。
• 如果 userProfile.Name 为空且 conversationData.PromptedUserForName 为 false，请索要用户名。
• 如果之前已存储 userProfile.Name，请从用户输入中检索消息时间和通道 ID，将所有数据回显给用户，然后将检索的数据存储在对话状态中。

bots/stateManagementBot.js

this.userState = userState;

this.onMessage(async (turnContext, next) => {
    // Get the state properties from the turn context.
    const userProfile = await this.userProfileAccessor.get(turnContext, {});
    const conversationData = await this.conversationDataAccessor.get(
        turnContext, { promptedForUserName: false });

    if (!userProfile.name) {
        // First time around this is undefined, so we will prompt user for name.
        if (conversationData.promptedForUserName) {
            // Set the name to what the user provided.
            userProfile.name = turnContext.activity.text;

            // Acknowledge that we got their name.
            await turnContext.sendActivity(`Thanks ${ userProfile.name }. To see conversation data, type anything.`);

            // Reset the flag to allow the bot to go though the cycle again.
            conversationData.promptedForUserName = false;
        } else {
            // Prompt the user for their name.
            await turnContext.sendActivity('What is your name?');

            // Set the flag to true, so we don't prompt in the next turn.
            conversationData.promptedForUserName = true;
        }
    } else {
        // Add message details to the conversation data.
        conversationData.timestamp = turnContext.activity.timestamp?.toLocaleString();
        conversationData.channelId = turnContext.activity.channelId;

        // Display state data.
        await turnContext.sendActivity(`${ userProfile.name } sent: ${ turnContext.activity.text }`);
        await turnContext.sendActivity(`Message received at: ${ conversationData.timestamp }`);
        await turnContext.sendActivity(`Message received from: ${ conversationData.channelId }`);
    }

    // By calling next() you ensure that the next BotHandler is run.
    await next();
});

在退出每个对话轮次之前，使用状态管理对象的 saveChanges() 方法来持久保存所有更改，方法是将状态写回到存储中。

bots/stateManagementBot.js

}

/**
 * Override the ActivityHandler.run() method to save state changes after the bot logic completes.
 */
async run(context) {
    await super.run(context);

    // Save any state changes. The load happened during the execution of the Dialog.
    await this.conversationState.saveChanges(context, false);
    await this.userState.saveChanges(context, false);
}

• 如果 userProfile.getName() 为空且 conversationData.getPromptedUserForName() 为 true，请检索提供的用户名并将其存储在用户状态中。
• 如果 userProfile.getName() 为空且 conversationData.getPromptedUserForName() 为 false，请索要用户名。
• 如果之前已存储 userProfile.getName()，请从用户输入中检索消息时间和通道 ID，将所有数据回显给用户，然后将检索的数据存储在对话状态中。

StateManagementBot.java

@Override
protected CompletableFuture<Void> onMessageActivity(TurnContext turnContext) {
    // Get state data from ConversationState.
    StatePropertyAccessor<ConversationData> dataAccessor =
        conversationState.createProperty("data");
    CompletableFuture<ConversationData> dataFuture =
        dataAccessor.get(turnContext, ConversationData::new);

    // Get profile from UserState.
    StatePropertyAccessor<UserProfile> profileAccessor = userState.createProperty("profile");
    CompletableFuture<UserProfile> profileFuture =
        profileAccessor.get(turnContext, UserProfile::new);

    return dataFuture.thenCombine(profileFuture, (conversationData, userProfile) -> {
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(userProfile.getName())) {
            // First time around this is set to false, so we will prompt user for name.
            if (conversationData.getPromptedUserForName()) {
                // Reset the flag to allow the bot to go though the cycle again.
                conversationData.setPromptedUserForName(false);

                // Set the name to what the user provided and reply.
                userProfile.setName(turnContext.getActivity().getText());
                // Acknowledge that we got their name.
                return turnContext.sendActivity(
                    MessageFactory.text(
                        "Thanks " + userProfile.getName()
                            + ".  To see conversation data, type anything."
                    )
                );
            } else {
                // Set the flag to true, so we don't prompt in the next turn.
                conversationData.setPromptedUserForName(true);
                // Prompt the user for their name.
                return turnContext.sendActivity(MessageFactory.text("What is your name?"));
            }
        } else {
            OffsetDateTime messageTimeOffset = turnContext.getActivity().getTimestamp();
            LocalDateTime localMessageTime = messageTimeOffset.toLocalDateTime();
            //Displaying current date and time in 12 hour format with AM/PM
            DateTimeFormatter dateTimeAMPMFormat = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MM/dd/yyyy, hh:mm:ss a");
            conversationData.setTimestamp(dateTimeAMPMFormat.format(localMessageTime));
            conversationData.setChannelId(turnContext.getActivity().getChannelId());

            List<Activity> sendToUser = new ArrayList<>();

            sendToUser.add(
                MessageFactory.text(
                    userProfile.getName() + " sent: " + turnContext.getActivity().getText()
                )
            );

            sendToUser.add(
                MessageFactory.text("Message received at: " + conversationData.getTimestamp()
                )
            );

            sendToUser.add(
                MessageFactory.text("Message received from: " + conversationData.getChannelId()
                )
            );

            return turnContext.sendActivities(sendToUser);
        }
    })
        // make the return value happy.
        .thenApply(resourceResponse -> null);
}

在退出轮次处理程序之前，使用状态管理对象的 saveChanges() 方法将所有状态更改写回到存储中。

StateManagementBot.java

@Override
public CompletableFuture<Void> onTurn(TurnContext turnContext) {
    return super.onTurn(turnContext)
        // Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
        .thenCompose(turnResult -> conversationState.saveChanges(turnContext))
        .thenCompose(saveResult -> userState.saveChanges(turnContext));
}

• 如果 user_profile.name 为空且 conversation_data.prompted_for_user_name 为 true，则机器人会检索用户提供的名称，然后将其存储在用户的状态中。
• 如果 user_profile.name 为空且 conversation_data.prompted_for_user_name 为 false，则机器人会索要用户名。
• 如果之前已存储 user_profile.name，机器人会从用户输入中检索“消息时间”和“通道 ID”，将数据回显给用户，然后将检索的数据存储在对话状态中。

bots/state_management_bot.py

async def on_message_activity(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
    # Get the state properties from the turn context.
    user_profile = await self.user_profile_accessor.get(turn_context, UserProfile)
    conversation_data = await self.conversation_data_accessor.get(
        turn_context, ConversationData
    )

    if user_profile.name is None:
        # First time around this is undefined, so we will prompt user for name.
        if conversation_data.prompted_for_user_name:
            # Set the name to what the user provided.
            user_profile.name = turn_context.activity.text

            # Acknowledge that we got their name.
            await turn_context.send_activity(
                f"Thanks { user_profile.name }. To see conversation data, type anything."
            )

            # Reset the flag to allow the bot to go though the cycle again.
            conversation_data.prompted_for_user_name = False
        else:
            # Prompt the user for their name.
            await turn_context.send_activity("What is your name?")

            # Set the flag to true, so we don't prompt in the next turn.
            conversation_data.prompted_for_user_name = True
    else:
        # Add message details to the conversation data.
        conversation_data.timestamp = self.__datetime_from_utc_to_local(
            turn_context.activity.timestamp
        )
        conversation_data.channel_id = turn_context.activity.channel_id

        # Display state data.
        await turn_context.send_activity(
            f"{ user_profile.name } sent: { turn_context.activity.text }"
        )
        await turn_context.send_activity(
            f"Message received at: { conversation_data.timestamp }"
        )
        await turn_context.send_activity(
            f"Message received from: { conversation_data.channel_id }"
        )

在每个对话轮次结束之前，机器人会使用状态管理对象的 save_changes 方法来持久保存所有更改，方法是在存储中写入状态信息。

bots/state_management_bot.py

async def on_turn(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
    await super().on_turn(turn_context)

    await self.conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context)
    await self.user_state.save_changes(turn_context)