快速入门：创建 Azure 防火墙和 IP 组 - Bicep

项目
2024-08-12

在本快速入门中，你将使用 Bicep 文件部署 Azure 防火墙，其中包含在网络规则和应用程序规则中使用的示例 IP 组。 IP 组是顶级资源，可用于定义 IP 地址、范围与子网并将其组合到单个对象中。 IP 组对于管理 Azure 防火墙规则中的 IP 地址很有用。可以手动输入 IP 地址，或者从文件导入。

Bicep 是一种特定于域的语言 (DSL)，使用声明性语法来部署 Azure 资源。它提供简明的语法、可靠的类型安全性以及对代码重用的支持。 Bicep 会针对你的 Azure 基础结构即代码解决方案提供最佳创作体验。

先决条件

具有活动订阅的 Azure 帐户。创建试用版订阅。

查阅 Bicep 文件

此 Bicep 文件将创建 Azure 防火墙和 IP 组，以及为 Azure 防火墙提供支持所需的资源。

本快速入门中使用的 Bicep 文件来自 Azure 快速入门模板。

@description('virtual network name')
param virtualNetworkName string = 'vnet${uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)}'
param ipgroups_name1 string = 'ipgroup1${uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)}'
param ipgroups_name2 string = 'ipgroup2${uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)}'

@description('Username for the Virtual Machine.')
param adminUsername string

@description('Location for all resources.')
param location string = resourceGroup().location

@description('Zone numbers e.g. 1,2,3.')
param vmSize string = 'Standard_D2s_v3'

@description('Number of public IP addresses for the Azure Firewall')
@minValue(1)
@maxValue(100)
param numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses int = 1

@description('Type of authentication to use on the Virtual Machine. SSH key is recommended.')
@allowed([
  'sshPublicKey'
  'password'
])
param authenticationType string = 'sshPublicKey'

@description('SSH Key or password for the Virtual Machine. SSH key is recommended.')
@secure()
param adminPasswordOrKey string

var vnetAddressPrefix = '10.0.0.0/16'
var serversSubnetPrefix = '10.0.2.0/24'
var azureFirewallSubnetPrefix = '10.0.1.0/24'
var jumpboxSubnetPrefix = '10.0.0.0/24'
var nextHopIP = '10.0.1.4'
var azureFirewallSubnetName = 'AzureFirewallSubnet'
var jumpBoxSubnetName = 'JumpboxSubnet'
var serversSubnetName = 'ServersSubnet'
var jumpBoxPublicIPAddressName = 'JumpHostPublicIP'
var jumpBoxNsgName = 'JumpHostNSG'
var jumpBoxNicName = 'JumpHostNic'
var jumpBoxSubnetId = resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', virtualNetworkName, jumpBoxSubnetName)
var serverNicName = 'ServerNic'
var serverSubnetId = resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', virtualNetworkName, serversSubnetName)
var storageAccountName = '${uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)}sajumpbox'
var azfwRouteTableName = 'AzfwRouteTable'
var firewallName = 'firewall1'
var publicIPNamePrefix = 'publicIP'
var azureFirewallSubnetId = resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', virtualNetworkName, azureFirewallSubnetName)
var linuxConfiguration = {
  disablePasswordAuthentication: true
  ssh: {
    publicKeys: [
      {
        path: '/home/${adminUsername}/.ssh/authorized_keys'
        keyData: adminPasswordOrKey
      }
    ]
  }
  patchSettings: {
      patchMode: 'AutomaticByPlatform'
  }
}
var networkSecurityGroupName = '${serversSubnetName}-nsg'
var azureFirewallIpConfigurations = [for i in range(0, numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses): {
  name: 'IpConf${i}'
  properties: {
    subnet: {
      id: (i == 0) ? azureFirewallSubnetId : null
    }
    publicIPAddress: {
      id: publicIP[i].id
    }
  }
}]

resource ipgroup1 'Microsoft.Network/ipGroups@2023-09-01' = {
  name: ipgroups_name1
  location: location
  properties: {
    ipAddresses: [
      '13.73.64.64/26'
      '13.73.208.128/25'
      '52.126.194.0/23'
    ]
  }
}

resource ipgroup2 'Microsoft.Network/ipGroups@2023-09-01' = {
  name: ipgroups_name2
  location: location
  properties: {
    ipAddresses: [
      '12.0.0.0/24'
      '13.9.0.0/24'
    ]
  }
}

resource storageAccount 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts@2023-01-01' = {
  name: storageAccountName
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: 'Standard_LRS'
  }
  kind: 'StorageV2'
  properties: {}
}

resource azfwRouteTable 'Microsoft.Network/routeTables@2023-09-01' = {
  name: azfwRouteTableName
  location: location
  properties: {
    disableBgpRoutePropagation: false
    routes: [
      {
        name: 'AzfwDefaultRoute'
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: '0.0.0.0/0'
          nextHopType: 'VirtualAppliance'
          nextHopIpAddress: nextHopIP
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

resource networkSecurityGroup 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups@2023-09-01' = {
  name: networkSecurityGroupName
  location: location
  properties: {}
}

resource virtualNetwork 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks@2023-09-01' = {
  name: virtualNetworkName
  location: location
  tags: {
    displayName: virtualNetworkName
  }
  properties: {
    addressSpace: {
      addressPrefixes: [
        vnetAddressPrefix
      ]
    }
    subnets: [
      {
        name: jumpBoxSubnetName
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: jumpboxSubnetPrefix
        }
      }
      {
        name: azureFirewallSubnetName
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: azureFirewallSubnetPrefix
        }
      }
      {
        name: serversSubnetName
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: serversSubnetPrefix
          routeTable: {
            id: azfwRouteTable.id
          }
          networkSecurityGroup: {
            id: networkSecurityGroup.id
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

resource publicIP 'Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, numberOfFirewallPublicIPAddresses): {
  name: '${publicIPNamePrefix}${i + 1}'
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: 'Standard'
  }
  properties: {
    publicIPAllocationMethod: 'Static'
    publicIPAddressVersion: 'IPv4'
  }
}]

resource jumpBoxPublicIPAddress 'Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses@2023-09-01' = {
  name: jumpBoxPublicIPAddressName
  location: location
  properties: {
    publicIPAllocationMethod: 'Dynamic'
  }
}

resource jumpBoxNsg 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups@2023-09-01' = {
  name: jumpBoxNsgName
  location: location
  properties: {
    securityRules: [
      {
        name: 'myNetworkSecurityGroupRuleSSH'
        properties: {
          protocol: 'Tcp'
          sourcePortRange: '*'
          destinationPortRange: '22'
          sourceAddressPrefix: '*'
          destinationAddressPrefix: '*'
          access: 'Allow'
          priority: 1000
          direction: 'Inbound'
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

resource JumpBoxNic 'Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces@2023-09-01' = {
  name: jumpBoxNicName
  location: location
  properties: {
    ipConfigurations: [
      {
        name: 'ipconfig1'
        properties: {
          privateIPAllocationMethod: 'Dynamic'
          publicIPAddress: {
            id: jumpBoxPublicIPAddress.id
          }
          subnet: {
            id: jumpBoxSubnetId
          }
        }
      }
    ]
    networkSecurityGroup: {
      id: jumpBoxNsg.id
    }
  }
  dependsOn: [
    virtualNetwork
  ]
}

resource ServerNic 'Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces@2023-09-01' = {
  name: serverNicName
  location: location
  properties: {
    ipConfigurations: [
      {
        name: 'ipconfig1'
        properties: {
          privateIPAllocationMethod: 'Dynamic'
          subnet: {
            id: serverSubnetId
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
  dependsOn: [
    virtualNetwork
  ]
}

resource JumpBoxVm 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines@2023-09-01' = {
  name: 'JumpBox'
  location: location
  properties: {
    hardwareProfile: {
      vmSize: vmSize
    }
    storageProfile: {
      imageReference: {
        publisher: 'Canonical'
        offer: 'UbuntuServer'
        sku: '18.04-LTS'
        version: 'latest'
      }
      osDisk: {
        createOption: 'FromImage'
      }
    }
    osProfile: {
      computerName: 'JumpBox'
      adminUsername: adminUsername
      adminPassword: adminPasswordOrKey
      linuxConfiguration: ((authenticationType == 'password') ? json('null') : linuxConfiguration)
    }
    networkProfile: {
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          id: JumpBoxNic.id
        }
      ]
    }
    diagnosticsProfile: {
      bootDiagnostics: {
        enabled: true
        storageUri: storageAccount.properties.primaryEndpoints.blob
      }
    }
  }
}

resource ServerVm 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines@2023-09-01' = {
  name: 'Server'
  location: location
  properties: {
    hardwareProfile: {
      vmSize: vmSize
    }
    storageProfile: {
      imageReference: {
        publisher: 'Canonical'
        offer: 'UbuntuServer'
        sku: '18.04-LTS'
        version: 'latest'
      }
      osDisk: {
        createOption: 'FromImage'
      }
    }
    osProfile: {
      computerName: 'Server'
      adminUsername: adminUsername
      adminPassword: adminPasswordOrKey
      linuxConfiguration: ((authenticationType == 'password') ? null : linuxConfiguration)
    }
    networkProfile: {
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          id: ServerNic.id
        }
      ]
    }
    diagnosticsProfile: {
      bootDiagnostics: {
        enabled: true
        storageUri: storageAccount.properties.primaryEndpoints.blob
      }
    }
  }
}

resource firewall 'Microsoft.Network/azureFirewalls@2023-09-01' = {
  name: firewallName
  location: location
  dependsOn: [
    virtualNetwork
    publicIP
  ]
  properties: {
    ipConfigurations: azureFirewallIpConfigurations
    applicationRuleCollections: [
      {
        name: 'appRc1'
        properties: {
          priority: 101
          action: {
            type: 'Allow'
          }
          rules: [
            {
              name: 'someAppRule'
              protocols: [
                {
                  protocolType: 'Http'
                  port: 8080
                }
              ]
              targetFqdns: [
                '*bing.com'
              ]
              sourceIpGroups: [
                ipgroup1.id
              ]
            }
            {
              name: 'someOtherAppRule'
              protocols: [
                {
                  protocolType: 'Mssql'
                  port: 1433
                }
              ]
              targetFqdns: [
                'sql1${environment().suffixes.sqlServerHostname}'
              ]
              sourceIpGroups: [
                ipgroup1.id
                ipgroup2.id
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
    networkRuleCollections: [
      {
        name: 'netRc1'
        properties: {
          priority: 200
          action: {
            type: 'Allow'
          }
          rules: [
            {
              name: 'networkRule'
              description: 'desc1'
              protocols: [
                'UDP'
                'TCP'
                'ICMP'
              ]
              sourceAddresses: [
                '10.0.0.0'
                '111.1.0.0/23'
              ]
              sourceIpGroups: [
                ipgroup1.id
              ]
              destinationIpGroups: [
                ipgroup2.id
              ]
              destinationPorts: [
                '90'
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

output location string = location
output name string = firewall.name
output resourceGroupName string = resourceGroup().name
output resourceId string = firewall.id

该 Bicep 文件中定义了多个 Azure 资源：

部署 Bicep 文件

将该 Bicep 文件另存为本地计算机上的 main.bicep。

使用 Azure CLI 或 Azure PowerShell 来部署该 Bicep 文件。

CLI
PowerShell

az group create --name exampleRG --location chinaeast
az deployment group create --resource-group exampleRG --template-file main.bicep

New-AzResourceGroup -Name exampleRG -Location chinaeast
New-AzResourceGroupDeployment -ResourceGroupName exampleRG -TemplateFile ./main.bicep

系统将提示你输入以下值：

管理员用户名：键入管理员用户帐户的用户名
管理员密码：键入管理员密码或密钥

部署完成后，应会看到一条指出部署成功的消息。

查看已部署的资源

使用 Azure 门户、Azure CLI 或 Azure PowerShell 验证部署并查看已部署的资源。

CLI
PowerShell

az resource list --resource-group exampleRG

Get-AzResource -ResourceGroupName exampleRG

若要了解 Bicep 文件中防火墙的 Bicep 语法和属性，请参阅 Microsoft.Network azureFirewalls 模板参考。

清理资源

如果不再需要资源，请使用 Azure 门户、Azure CLI 或 Azure PowerShell 删除资源组、防火墙和所有相关资源。

CLI
PowerShell

az group delete --name exampleRG

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name exampleRG

后续步骤

教程：使用 Azure 门户在混合网络中部署和配置 Azure 防火墙

通过