SQLFilter 语法SQLFilter syntax

• 10/31/2018
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SqlFilter 对象是 SqlFilter 类的实例，代表基于 SQL 语言的筛选器表达式，该表达式针对 BrokeredMessage 进行计算。A SqlFilter object is an instance of the SqlFilter class, and represents a SQL language-based filter expression that is evaluated against a BrokeredMessage. SqlFilter 支持 SQL-92 标准的子集。A SqlFilter supports a subset of the SQL-92 standard.

本主题列出有关 SqlFilter 语法的详细信息。This topic lists details about SqlFilter grammar.

<predicate ::=  
      { NOT <predicate> }  
      | <predicate> AND <predicate>  
      | <predicate> OR <predicate>  
      | <expression> { = | <> | != | > | >= | < | <= } <expression>  
      | <property> IS [NOT] NULL  
      | <expression> [NOT] IN ( <expression> [, ...n] )  
      | <expression> [NOT] LIKE <pattern> [ESCAPE <escape_char>]  
      | EXISTS ( <property> )  
      | ( <predicate> )  
  

<expression> ::=  
      <constant>   
      | <function>  
      | <property>  
      | <expression> { + | - | * | / | % } <expression>  
      | { + | - } <expression>  
      | ( <expression> )  
  

<property> :=   
       [<scope> .] <property_name>  
  

参数Arguments

• <scope> 是一个可选字符串，指示 <property_name> 的范围。<scope> is an optional string indicating the scope of the <property_name>. 有效值为 sys or user进行求值的基于 SQL 语言的筛选器表达式。Valid values are sys or user. sys 值指示系统范围，其中 <property_name> 是 BrokeredMessage 类的公共属性名称。The sys value indicates system scope where <property_name> is a public property name of the BrokeredMessage class. user 指示用户范围，其中 <property_name> 是 BrokeredMessage 类字典的项。user indicates user scope where <property_name> is a key of the BrokeredMessage class dictionary. user 范围是默认范围（如果 <scope> 未指定）。user scope is the default scope if <scope> is not specified.

备注Remarks

访问不存在的系统属性的尝试是错误，访问不存在的用户属性的尝试不是错误。An attempt to access a non-existent system property is an error, while an attempt to access a non-existent user property is not an error. 相反，不存在的用户属性在内部作为未知值进行求值。Instead, a non-existent user property is internally evaluated as an unknown value. 在运算符求值过程中，未知值的处理方式很特殊。An unknown value is treated specially during operator evaluation.

property_nameproperty_name

<property_name> ::=  
     <identifier>  
     | <delimited_identifier>  
  
<identifier> ::=  
     <regular_identifier> | <quoted_identifier> | <delimited_identifier>  
  

参数Arguments

<regular_identifier> 是字符串，由以下正则表达式表示：<regular_identifier> is a string represented by the following regular expression:

[[:IsLetter:]][_[:IsLetter:][:IsDigit:]]*  

此语法是指任何以字母开头且后跟一个或多个下划线/字母/数字的字符串。This grammar means any string that starts with a letter and is followed by one or more underscore/letter/digit.

[:IsLetter:] 是指分类为 Unicode 字母的任何 Unicode 字符。[:IsLetter:] means any Unicode character that is categorized as a Unicode letter. System.Char.IsLetter(c) 返回 true（如果 c 为 Unicode 字母）。System.Char.IsLetter(c) returns true if c is a Unicode letter.

[:IsDigit:] 是指分类为十进制数字的任何 Unicode 字符。[:IsDigit:] means any Unicode character that is categorized as a decimal digit. System.Char.IsDigit(c) 返回 true（如果 c 为 Unicode 数字）。System.Char.IsDigit(c) returns true if c is a Unicode digit.

<regular_identifier> 不能是保留关键字。A <regular_identifier> cannot be a reserved keyword.

<delimited_identifier> 是用左/右方括号 ([]) 括起来的任何字符串。<delimited_identifier> is any string that is enclosed with left/right square brackets ([]). 右方括号采用两个右方括号的形式。A right square bracket is represented as two right square brackets. 下面是 <delimited_identifier>的示例：The following are examples of <delimited_identifier>:

[Property With Space]  
[HR-EmployeeID]  
  

<quoted_identifier> 是指使用双引号引起来的任何字符串。<quoted_identifier> is any string that is enclosed with double quotation marks. 标识符中的双引号以两个双引号表示。A double quotation mark in identifier is represented as two double quotation marks. 建议不要使用带引号的标识符，因为很容易与字符串常量混淆。It is not recommended to use quoted identifiers because it can easily be confused with a string constant. 如果可能，请使用分隔标识符。Use a delimited identifier if possible. 下面是 <quoted_identifier>的示例：The following is an example of <quoted_identifier>:

"Contoso & Northwind"  

patternpattern

<pattern> ::=  
      <expression>  

备注Remarks

<pattern> 必须是作为字符串进行求值的表达式。<pattern> must be an expression that is evaluated as a string. 它用作 LIKE 运算符的模式。It is used as a pattern for the LIKE operator. 它可以包含以下通配符：It can contain the following wildcard characters:

• %：包含零个或多个字符的任意字符串。%: Any string of zero or more characters.

• _：任何单个字符。_: Any single character.

escape_charescape_char

<escape_char> ::=  
      <expression>  

备注Remarks

<escape_char> 必须是作为长度为 1 的字符串进行求值的表达式。<escape_char> must be an expression that is evaluated as a string of length 1. 作为转义符用于 LIKE 运算符。It is used as an escape character for the LIKE operator.

例如，property LIKE 'ABC\%' ESCAPE '\' 匹配 ABC%，而不匹配以 ABC 开头的字符串。For example, property LIKE 'ABC\%' ESCAPE '\' matches ABC% rather than a string that starts with ABC.

constantconstant

<constant> ::=  
      <integer_constant> | <decimal_constant> | <approximate_number_constant> | <boolean_constant> | NULL  

参数Arguments

• <integer_constant> 是指不使用引号引起来且不包含小数点的数字字符串。<integer_constant> is a string of numbers that are not enclosed in quotation marks and do not contain decimal points. 这些值作为 System.Int64 在内部存储，并具有相同的作用域。The values are stored as System.Int64 internally, and follow the same range.

  下面是长常量的示例：These are examples of long constants:

  1894  
  2  
  

• <decimal_constant> 是指不使用引号引起来但包含小数点的数字字符串。<decimal_constant> is a string of numbers that are not enclosed in quotation marks, and contain a decimal point. 这些值作为 System.Double 在内部存储，并具有相同的作用域/精度。The values are stored as System.Double internally, and follow the same range/precision.

  在未来版本中，此数字可能以其他数据类型存储，目的是支持确切的数字语义，因此不应依赖于 <decimal_constant> 的基础数据类型为 System.Double 这一事实。In a future version, this number might be stored in a different data type to support exact number semantics, so you should not rely on the fact the underlying data type is System.Double for <decimal_constant>.

  下面是十进制常量的示例：The following are examples of decimal constants:

  1894.1204  
  2.0  
  

• <approximate_number_constant> 是指使用科学记数法书写的数字。<approximate_number_constant> is a number written in scientific notation. 这些值作为 System.Double 在内部存储，并具有相同的作用域/精度。The values are stored as System.Double internally, and follow the same range/precision. 下面是近似数常量的示例：The following are examples of approximate number constants:

  101.5E5  
  0.5E-2  
  

boolean_constantboolean_constant

<boolean_constant> :=  
      TRUE | FALSE  

备注Remarks

布尔常量以关键字 TRUE 或 FALSE 表示。Boolean constants are represented by the keywords TRUE or FALSE. 这些值作为 System.Boolean存储。The values are stored as System.Boolean.

string_constantstring_constant

<string_constant>  

备注Remarks

字符串常量使用单引号引起来，并包含任何有效的 Unicode 字符。String constants are enclosed in single quotation marks and include any valid Unicode characters. 字符串常量中嵌入的单引号以两个单引号表示。A single quotation mark embedded in a string constant is represented as two single quotation marks.

functionfunction

<function> :=  
      newid() |  
      property(name) | p(name)  

备注Remarks

newid() 函数返回 System.Guid.NewGuid() 方法生成的 System.Guid。The newid() function returns a System.Guid generated by the System.Guid.NewGuid() method.

property(name) 函数返回 name 所引用的属性的值。The property(name) function returns the value of the property referenced by name. name 值可以是返回字符串值的任何有效表达式。The name value can be any valid expression that returns a string value.

注意事项Considerations

请注意以下 SqlFilter 语义：Consider the following SqlFilter semantics:

• 属性名称不区分大小写。Property names are case-insensitive.

• 运算符尽可能遵循 C# 隐式转换语义。Operators follow C# implicit conversion semantics whenever possible.

• 系统属性是值在 BrokeredMessage 实例中公开的公共属性。System properties are public properties exposed in BrokeredMessage instances.

  请注意以下 IS [NOT] NULL 语义：Consider the following IS [NOT] NULL semantics:

  • property IS NULL 作为 true 求值（如果属性不存在，或者属性的值为 null）。property IS NULL is evaluated as true if either the property doesn't exist or the property's value is null.

属性求值语义Property evaluation semantics

• 尝试对不存在的系统属性求值会引发 FilterException 异常。An attempt to evaluate a non-existent system property throws a FilterException exception.

• 不存在的属性在内部作为 未知进行求值。A property that does not exist is internally evaluated as unknown.

  算术运算符中的未知求值：Unknown evaluation in arithmetic operators:

• 对于二元运算符，如果操作数的左侧和/或右侧的求值结果为未知，则结果为未知。For binary operators, if either the left and/or right side of operands is evaluated as unknown, then the result is unknown.

• 对于一元运算符，如果操作数的求值结果为未知，则结果为未知。For unary operators, if an operand is evaluated as unknown, then the result is unknown.

  二进制比较运算符中的未知求值：Unknown evaluation in binary comparison operators:

• 如果操作数的左侧和/或右侧的求值结果为未知，则结果为未知。If either the left and/or right side of operands is evaluated as unknown, then the result is unknown.

  [NOT] LIKE中的未知求值：Unknown evaluation in [NOT] LIKE:

• 如果任何操作数的求值结果为“未知”，则结果为“未知”。If any operand is evaluated as unknown, then the result is unknown.

  [NOT] IN中的未知求值：Unknown evaluation in [NOT] IN:

• 如果左侧操作数的求值结果为“未知”，则结果为“未知”。If the left operand is evaluated as unknown, then the result is unknown.

  AND 运算符中的未知求值：Unknown evaluation in AND operator:

+---+---+---+---+  
|AND| T | F | U |  
+---+---+---+---+  
| T | T | F | U |  
+---+---+---+---+  
| F | F | F | F |  
+---+---+---+---+  
| U | U | F | U |  
+---+---+---+---+  

OR 运算符中的未知求值：Unknown evaluation in OR operator:

+---+---+---+---+  
|OR | T | F | U |  
+---+---+---+---+  
| T | T | T | T |  
+---+---+---+---+  
| F | T | F | U |  
+---+---+---+---+  
| U | T | U | U |  
+---+---+---+---+  

运算符绑定语义Operator binding semantics

• 在进行数据类型提升和隐式转换时，比较运算符（例如 >、>=、<、<=、!= 和 =）与 C# 运算符绑定遵循相同的语义。Comparison operators such as >, >=, <, <=, !=, and = follow the same semantics as the C# operator binding in data type promotions and implicit conversions.

• 在进行数据类型提升和隐式转换时，算术运算符（例如 +、-、*、/ 和 %）与 C# 运算符绑定遵循相同的语义。Arithmetic operators such as +, -, *, /, and % follow the same semantics as the C# operator binding in data type promotions and implicit conversions.

后续步骤Next steps

• SQLFilter 类 (.NET Framework)SQLFilter class (.NET Framework)
• SQLFilter 类 (.NET Framework)SQLFilter class (.NET Standard)
• SQLRuleAction 类SQLRuleAction class