使用 PowerShell 管理 Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 中的目录和文件Use PowerShell to manage directories and files in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2

本文介绍了如何使用 PowerShell 在具有分层命名空间的存储帐户中创建和管理目录与文件。This article shows you how to use PowerShell to create and manage directories and files in storage accounts that have a hierarchical namespace.

若要了解如何获取、设置和更新目录与文件的访问控制列表 (ACL)，请参阅使用 PowerShell 管理 Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 中的 ACL。To learn about how to get, set, and update the access control lists (ACL) of directories and files, see Use PowerShell to manage ACLs in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2.

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先决条件Prerequisites

  • Azure 订阅。An Azure subscription. 请参阅获取 Azure 试用版。See Get Azure trial.

  • 一个已启用分层命名空间的存储帐户。A storage account that has hierarchical namespace enabled. 按这些说明创建一个。Follow these instructions to create one.

  • 已安装 .NET Framework 4.7.2 或更高版本。.NET Framework is 4.7.2 or greater installed. 请参阅下载 .NET Framework。See Download .NET Framework.

  • PowerShell 5.1 或更高版本。PowerShell version 5.1 or higher.

安装 PowerShell 模块Install the PowerShell module

  1. 使用以下命令验证安装的 PowerShell 版本是否为 5.1 或以上。Verify that the version of PowerShell that have installed is 5.1 or higher by using the following command.

    echo $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()

    若要升级 PowerShell 版本，请参阅升级现有的 Windows PowerShellTo upgrade your version of PowerShell, see Upgrading existing Windows PowerShell

  2. 安装 Az.Storage 模块。Install Az.Storage module.

    Install-Module Az.Storage -Repository PSGallery -Force

    有关如何安装 PowerShell 模块的详细信息，请参阅安装 Azure PowerShell 模块For more information about how to install PowerShell modules, see Install the Azure PowerShell module

连接到帐户Connect to the account

选择希望命令如何获取存储帐户的授权。Choose how you want your commands to obtain authorization to the storage account.

选项 1：使用 Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) 获取授权Option 1: Obtain authorization by using Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)

如果使用此方法，系统可确保用户帐户具有适当的 Azure 基于角色的访问控制 (Azure RBAC) 分配和 ACL 权限。With this approach, the system ensures that your user account has the appropriate Azure role-based access control (Azure RBAC) assignments and ACL permissions.

  1. 打开 Windows PowerShell 命令窗口，使用 Connect-AzAccount 命令登录到 Azure 订阅，然后按照屏幕上的指示进行操作。Open a Windows PowerShell command window, and then sign in to your Azure subscription with the Connect-AzAccount command and follow the on-screen directions.

    Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud

  2. 如果你的标识已关联到多个订阅，请将活动订阅设置为要在其中创建和管理目录的存储帐户的订阅。If your identity is associated with more than one subscription, then set your active subscription to subscription of the storage account that you want create and manage directories in. 在此示例中，请将 <subscription-id> 占位符值替换为你的订阅 ID。In this example, replace the <subscription-id> placeholder value with the ID of your subscription.

    Select-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId <subscription-id>

  3. 获取存储帐户上下文。Get the storage account context.

    $ctx = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName '<storage-account-name>' -UseConnectedAccount

选项 2：使用存储帐户密钥获取授权Option 2: Obtain authorization by using the storage account key

如果使用此方法，系统不会检查 Azure RBAC 或 ACL 权限。With this approach, the system doesn't check Azure RBAC or ACL permissions. 使用帐户密钥获取存储帐户上下文。Get the storage account context by using an account key.

$ctx = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName '<storage-account-name>' -StorageAccountKey '<storage-account-key>'

创建容器Create a container

容器充当文件的文件系统。A container acts as a file system for your files. 可以使用 New-AzStorageContainer cmdlet 创建一个文件系统。You can create one by using the New-AzStorageContainer cmdlet.

此示例创建一个名为 my-file-system 的容器。This example creates a container named my-file-system.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
New-AzStorageContainer -Context $ctx -Name $filesystemName

创建目录Create a directory

使用 New-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet 创建目录引用。Create a directory reference by using the New-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet.

此示例将名为 my-directory 的目录添加到容器中。This example adds a directory named my-directory to a container.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
New-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname -Directory

此示例添加相同的目录，但同时还会设置权限、umask、属性值和元数据值。This example adds the same directory, but also sets the permissions, umask, property values, and metadata values.

$dir = New-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname -Directory -Permission rwxrwxrwx -Umask ---rwx---  -Property @{"ContentEncoding" = "UDF8"; "CacheControl" = "READ"} -Metadata  @{"tag1" = "value1"; "tag2" = "value2" }

显示目录属性Show directory properties

此示例使用 Get-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet 获取目录，然后将属性值输出到控制台。This example gets a directory by using the Get-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet, and then prints property values to the console.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
$dir =  Get-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname
$dir.ACL
$dir.Permissions
$dir.Group
$dir.Owner
$dir.Properties
$dir.Properties.Metadata

备注

若要获取容器的根目录，请省略 -Path 参数。To get the root directory of the container, omit the -Path parameter.

重命名或移动目录Rename or move a directory

使用 Move-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet 重命名或移动目录。Rename or move a directory by using the Move-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet.

此示例将目录的名称 my-directory 重命名为 my-new-directory。This example renames a directory from the name my-directory to the name my-new-directory.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
$dirname2 = "my-new-directory/"
Move-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname -DestFileSystem $filesystemName -DestPath $dirname2

备注

如果要直接覆盖而不触发系统提示，请使用 -Force 参数。Use the -Force parameter if you want to overwrite without prompts.

此示例将名为 my-directory 的目录移到名为 my-subdirectory 的 my-directory-2 子目录。This example moves a directory named my-directory to a subdirectory of my-directory-2 named my-subdirectory.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
$dirname2 = "my-directory-2/my-subdirectory/"
Move-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname -DestFileSystem $filesystemName -DestPath $dirname2

删除目录Delete a directory

使用 Remove-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet 删除目录。Delete a directory by using the Remove-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet.

此示例删除名为 my-directory 的目录。This example deletes a directory named my-directory.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
Remove-AzDataLakeGen2Item  -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname

可以使用 -Force 参数删除文件，而不会看到提示。You can use the -Force parameter to remove the file without a prompt.

从目录下载Download from a directory

使用 Get-AzDataLakeGen2ItemContent cmdlet 从目录中下载文件。Download a file from a directory by using the Get-AzDataLakeGen2ItemContent cmdlet.

此示例从名为 my-directory 的目录中下载名为 upload.txt 的文件。This example downloads a file named upload.txt from a directory named my-directory.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$filePath = "my-directory/upload.txt"
$downloadFilePath = "download.txt"
Get-AzDataLakeGen2ItemContent -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $filePath -Destination $downloadFilePath

列出目录内容List directory contents

使用 Get-AzDataLakeGen2ChildItem cmdlet 列出目录的内容。List the contents of a directory by using the Get-AzDataLakeGen2ChildItem cmdlet. 可以使用可选参数 -OutputUserPrincipalName 来获取用户的名称（而不是对象 ID）。You can use the optional parameter -OutputUserPrincipalName to get the name (instead of the object ID) of users.

此示例列出名为 my-directory 的目录的内容。This example lists the contents of a directory named my-directory.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
Get-AzDataLakeGen2ChildItem -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname -OutputUserPrincipalName

下面的示例列出目录中每个项的 ACL、Permissions、Group 和 Owner 属性。The following example lists the ACL, Permissions, Group, and Owner properties of each item in the directory. 获取 ACL 属性的值需要 -FetchProperty 参数。The -FetchProperty parameter is required to get values for the ACL property.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
$properties = Get-AzDataLakeGen2ChildItem -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $dirname -Recurse -FetchProperty
$properties.ACL
$properties.Permissions
$properties.Group
$properties.Owner

备注

若要列出容器的根目录的内容，请省略 -Path 参数。To list the contents of the root directory of the container, omit the -Path parameter.

将文件上传到目录Upload a file to a directory

使用 New-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet 将文件上传到目录。Upload a file to a directory by using the New-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet.

此示例将名为 upload.txt 的文件上传到名为 my-directory 的目录。This example uploads a file named upload.txt to a directory named my-directory.

$localSrcFile =  "upload.txt"
$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$dirname = "my-directory/"
$destPath = $dirname + (Get-Item $localSrcFile).Name
New-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $destPath -Source $localSrcFile -Force

此示例上传同一文件，但随后会设置目标文件的权限、umask、属性值和元数据值。This example uploads the same file, but then sets the permissions, umask, property values, and metadata values of the destination file. 此示例还会将这些值输出到控制台。This example also prints these values to the console.

$file = New-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $destPath -Source $localSrcFile -Permission rwxrwxrwx -Umask ---rwx--- -Property @{"ContentEncoding" = "UDF8"; "CacheControl" = "READ"} -Metadata  @{"tag1" = "value1"; "tag2" = "value2" }
$file1
$file1.Properties
$file1.Properties.Metadata

备注

若要将文件上传到容器的根目录，请省略 -Path 参数。To upload a file to the root directory of the container, omit the -Path parameter.

显示文件属性Show file properties

此示例使用 Get-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet 获取文件，然后将属性值输出到控制台。This example gets a file by using the Get-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet, and then prints property values to the console.

$filepath =  "my-directory/upload.txt"
$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$file = Get-AzDataLakeGen2Item -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $filepath
$file
$file.ACL
$file.Permissions
$file.Group
$file.Owner
$file.Properties
$file.Properties.Metadata

删除文件Delete a file

使用 Remove-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet 删除文件。Delete a file by using the Remove-AzDataLakeGen2Item cmdlet.

此示例删除名为 upload.txt 的文件。This example deletes a file named upload.txt.

$filesystemName = "my-file-system"
$filepath = "upload.txt"
Remove-AzDataLakeGen2Item  -Context $ctx -FileSystem $filesystemName -Path $filepath

可以使用 -Force 参数删除文件，而不会看到提示。You can use the -Force parameter to remove the file without a prompt.

另请参阅See also