Log Analytics workspace overview

A Log Analytics workspace is a unique environment for log data from Azure Monitor and other Azure services, such as Microsoft Defender for Cloud. Each workspace has its own data repository and configuration but might combine data from multiple services. This article provides an overview of concepts related to Log Analytics workspaces and provides links to other documentation for more details on each.

You can use a single workspace for all your data collection. You can also create multiple workspaces based on requirements such as:

• The geographic location of the data.
• Access rights that define which users can access data.
• Configuration settings like pricing tiers and data retention.

To create a new workspace, see Create a Log Analytics workspace in the Azure portal. For considerations on creating multiple workspaces, see Design a Log Analytics workspace configuration.

Data structure

Each workspace contains multiple tables that are organized into separate columns with multiple rows of data. Each table is defined by a unique set of columns. Rows of data provided by the data source share those columns. Log queries define columns of data to retrieve and provide output to different features of Azure Monitor and other services that use workspaces.

Cost

There's no direct cost for creating or maintaining a workspace. You're charged for the data sent to it, which is also known as data ingestion. You're charged for how long that data is stored, which is otherwise known as data retention. These costs might vary based on the log data plan of each table, as described in Log data plan.

For information on pricing, see Azure Monitor pricing. For guidance on how to reduce your costs, see Azure Monitor best practices - Cost management. If you're using your Log Analytics workspace with services other than Azure Monitor, see the documentation for those services for pricing information.

Workspace transformation DCR

Data collection rules (DCRs) that define data coming into Azure Monitor can include transformations that allow you to filter and transform data before it's ingested into the workspace. Since all data sources don't yet support DCRs, each workspace can have a workspace transformation DCR.

Transformations in the workspace transformation DCR are defined for each table in a workspace and apply to all data sent to that table, even if sent from multiple sources. These transformations only apply to workflows that don't already use a DCR. For example, Azure Monitor agent uses a DCR to define data collected from virtual machines. This data won't be subject to any ingestion-time transformations defined in the workspace.

For example, you might have diagnostic settings that send resource logs for different Azure resources to your workspace. You can create a transformation for the table that collects the resource logs that filters this data for only records that you want. This method saves you the ingestion cost for records you don't need. You might also want to extract important data from certain columns and store it in other columns in the workspace to support simpler queries.

Data retention and archive

Data in each table in a Log Analytics workspace is retained for a specified period of time after which it's either removed or archived with a reduced retention fee. Set the retention time to balance your requirement for having data available with reducing your cost for data retention.

To access archived data, you must first retrieve data from it in an Analytics Logs table by using one of the following methods:

Method	Description
Search jobs	Retrieve data matching particular criteria.
Restore	Retrieve data from a particular time range.

Permissions

Permission to access data in a Log Analytics workspace is defined by the access control mode, which is a setting on each workspace. You can give users explicit access to the workspace by using a built-in or custom role. Or, you can allow access to data collected for Azure resources to users with access to those resources.

See Manage access to log data and workspaces in Azure Monitor for information on the different permission options and how to configure permissions.

Next steps

• Create a new Log Analytics workspace.
• See Design a Log Analytics workspace configuration for considerations on creating multiple workspaces.
• Learn about log queries to retrieve and analyze data from a Log Analytics workspace.