Azure Monitor 中的默认 Prometheus 指标配置

当您从 Kubernetes 群集中启用 Azure Monitor 中的 Prometheus 指标收集时，它会使用默认的目标、仪表板和录制规则配置。 本文介绍默认配置和可以选择根据特定要求自定义它的方案。

最小引入配置文件

最小引入配置文件 是当在群集的 Azure Monitor 中启用了 Prometheus 指标时默认启用的设置。 此设置通过将指标限制为仅默认仪表板使用的指标、默认录制规则和默认警报来减少引入的指标量。 本文列出了这些目标和指标。 如果禁用此设置，则会收集默认目标的所有可用指标，从而显著增加引入量。

可以通过修改指标设置 ConfigMap 来更改最小引入配置文件设置，如 使用 ConfigMap 自定义 Azure Monitor 中 Prometheus 指标的擦除中所述。

自定义场景

可以选择使用默认配置或自定义集合以满足特定要求。 下表列出了四种可能的收集方案以及实现每个方案的建议方法。

默认抓取的目标

以下是 Azure Monitor 指标加载项默认可刮取的目标，以及启用这些指标的条件。 请参阅 “启用和禁用默认目标 ”以启用/禁用默认目标。

默认情况下，以下目标处于启用状态。

• cadvisor
• nodeexporter
• kubelet
• kube-state-metrics
• networkobservabilityRetina

启用控制平面指标（预览版）时，将启用以下目标。

• controlplane-apiserver
• controlplane-etcd

启用容器网络可观测性时，将启用以下目标。

• networkobservabilityHubble
• networkobservabilityCilium

默认情况下禁用以下目标。

• coredns
• kubeproxy
• apiserver

默认情况下禁用以下目标，并要求启用 Windows 指标集合（预览 版）。

• windows-exporter
• kube-proxy-windows

从默认目标收集的指标

默认情况下，会从每个默认目标收集以下指标。 所有其他指标通过重新标记规则被丢弃。 必须启用目标才能收集指标。

kubelet

• kubelet_volume_stats_used_bytes
• kubelet_node_name
• kubelet_running_pods
• kubelet_running_pod_count
• kubelet_running_containers
• kubelet_running_container_count
• volume_manager_total_volumes
• kubelet_node_config_error
• kubelet_runtime_operations_total
• kubelet_runtime_operations_errors_total
• kubelet_runtime_operations_duration_seconds kubelet_runtime_operations_duration_seconds_bucket kubelet_runtime_operations_duration_seconds_sum kubelet_runtime_operations_duration_seconds_count
• kubelet_pod_start_duration_seconds kubelet_pod_start_duration_seconds_bucket kubelet_pod_start_duration_seconds_sum kubelet_pod_start_duration_seconds_count
• kubelet_pod_worker_duration_seconds kubelet_pod_worker_duration_seconds_bucket kubelet_pod_worker_duration_seconds_sum kubelet_pod_worker_duration_seconds_count
• storage_operation_duration_seconds storage_operation_duration_seconds_bucket storage_operation_duration_seconds_sum storage_operation_duration_seconds_count
• storage_operation_errors_total
• kubelet_cgroup_manager_duration_seconds kubelet_cgroup_manager_duration_seconds_bucket kubelet_cgroup_manager_duration_seconds_sum kubelet_cgroup_manager_duration_seconds_count
• kubelet_pleg_relist_duration_seconds kubelet_pleg_relist_duration_seconds_bucket kubelet_pleg_relist_duration_sum kubelet_pleg_relist_duration_seconds_count
• kubelet_pleg_relist_interval_seconds kubelet_pleg_relist_interval_seconds_bucket kubelet_pleg_relist_interval_seconds_sum kubelet_pleg_relist_interval_seconds_count
• rest_client_requests_total
• rest_client_request_duration_seconds rest_client_request_duration_seconds_bucket rest_client_request_duration_seconds_sum rest_client_request_duration_seconds_count
• process_resident_memory_bytes
• process_cpu_seconds_total
• go_goroutines
• kubelet_volume_stats_capacity_bytes
• kubelet_volume_stats_available_bytes
• kubelet_volume_stats_inodes_used
• kubelet_volume_stats_inodes
• kubernetes_build_info"

coredns

• coredns_build_info
• coredns_panics_total
• coredns_dns_responses_total
• coredns_forward_responses_total
• coredns_dns_request_duration_seconds coredns_dns_request_duration_seconds_bucket coredns_dns_request_duration_seconds_sum coredns_dns_request_duration_seconds_count
• coredns_forward_request_duration_seconds coredns_forward_request_duration_seconds_bucket coredns_forward_request_duration_seconds_sum coredns_forward_request_duration_seconds_count
• coredns_dns_requests_total
• coredns_forward_requests_total
• coredns_cache_hits_total
• coredns_cache_misses_total
• coredns_cache_entries
• coredns_plugin_enabled
• coredns_dns_request_size_bytes coredns_dns_request_size_bytes_bucket coredns_dns_request_size_bytes_sum coredns_dns_request_size_bytes_count
• coredns_dns_response_size_bytes coredns_dns_response_size_bytes_bucket coredns_dns_response_size_bytes_sum coredns_dns_response_size_bytes_count
• coredns_dns_response_size_bytes coredns_dns_response_size_bytes_bucket coredns_dns_response_size_bytes_sum coredns_dns_response_size_bytes_count
• process_resident_memory_bytes
• process_cpu_seconds_total
• go_goroutines
• kubernetes_build_info"

cadvisor

• container_spec_cpu_period
• container_spec_cpu_quota
• container_cpu_usage_seconds_total
• container_memory_rss
• container_network_receive_bytes_total
• container_network_transmit_bytes_total
• container_network_receive_packets_total
• container_network_transmit_packets_total
• container_network_receive_packets_dropped_total
• container_network_transmit_packets_dropped_total
• container_fs_reads_total
• container_fs_writes_total
• container_fs_reads_bytes_total
• container_fs_writes_bytes_total
• container_memory_working_set_bytes
• container_memory_cache
• container_memory_swap
• container_cpu_cfs_throttled_periods_total
• container_cpu_cfs_periods_total
• kubernetes_build_info"

kubeproxy

• kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_sum kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_count kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds
• kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds_bucket kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds_sum kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds_count rest_client_requests_total
• rest_client_request_duration_seconds rest_client_request_duration_seconds_bucket rest_client_request_duration_seconds_sum rest_client_request_duration_seconds_count
• process_resident_memory_bytes
• process_cpu_seconds_total
• go_goroutines
• kubernetes_build_info"

apiserver

• apiserver_request_duration_seconds apiserver_request_duration_seconds_bucket apiserver_request_duration_seconds_sum apiserver_request_duration_seconds_count
• apiserver_request_total
• workqueue_adds_total``workqueue_depth
• workqueue_queue_duration_seconds workqueue_queue_duration_seconds_bucket workqueue_queue_duration_seconds_sum workqueue_queue_duration_seconds_count
• process_resident_memory_bytes
• process_cpu_seconds_total
• go_goroutines
• kubernetes_build_info"

kube-state

• kube_job_status_succeeded
• kube_job_spec_completions
• kube_daemonset_status_desired_number_scheduled
• kube_daemonset_status_number_ready
• kube_deployment_status_replicas_ready
• kube_pod_container_status_last_terminated_reason
• kube_pod_container_status_waiting_reason
• kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total
• kube_node_status_allocatable
• kube_pod_owner
• kube_pod_container_resource_requests
• kube_pod_status_phase
• kube_pod_container_resource_limits
• kube_replicaset_owner
• kube_resourcequota
• kube_namespace_status_phase
• kube_node_status_capacity
• kube_node_info
• kube_pod_info
• kube_deployment_spec_replicas
• kube_deployment_status_replicas_available
• kube_deployment_status_replicas_updated
• kube_statefulset_status_replicas_ready
• kube_statefulset_status_replicas
• kube_statefulset_status_replicas_updated
• kube_job_status_start_time
• kube_job_status_active
• kube_job_failed
• kube_horizontalpodautoscaler_status_desired_replicas
• kube_horizontalpodautoscaler_status_current_replicas
• kube_horizontalpodautoscaler_spec_min_replicas
• kube_horizontalpodautoscaler_spec_max_replicas
• kubernetes_build_info
• kube_node_status_condition
• kube_node_spec_taint
• kube_pod_container_info
• kube_resource_labels （例如：kube_pod_labels，kube_deployment_labels）
• kube_resource_annotations（例如 kube_pod_annotations, kube_deployment_annotations）

nodeexporter

• node_cpu_seconds_total
• node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes
• node_memory_Buffers_bytes
• node_memory_Cached_bytes
• node_memory_MemFree_bytes
• node_memory_Slab_bytes
• node_memory_MemTotal_bytes
• node_netstat_Tcp_RetransSegs
• node_netstat_Tcp_OutSegs
• node_netstat_TcpExt_TCPSynRetrans
• node_load1``node_load5
• node_load15
• node_disk_read_bytes_total
• node_disk_written_bytes_total
• node_disk_io_time_seconds_total
• node_filesystem_size_bytes
• node_filesystem_avail_bytes
• node_filesystem_readonly
• node_network_receive_bytes_total
• node_network_transmit_bytes_total
• node_vmstat_pgmajfault
• node_network_receive_drop_total
• node_network_transmit_drop_total
• node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds_total
• node_exporter_build_info
• node_time_seconds
• node_uname_info"

windowsexporter

• windows_system_system_up_time
• windows_cpu_time_total
• windows_memory_available_bytes
• windows_os_visible_memory_bytes
• windows_memory_cache_bytes
• windows_memory_modified_page_list_bytes
• windows_memory_standby_cache_core_bytes
• windows_memory_standby_cache_normal_priority_bytes
• windows_memory_standby_cache_reserve_bytes
• windows_memory_swap_page_operations_total
• windows_logical_disk_read_seconds_total
• windows_logical_disk_write_seconds_total
• windows_logical_disk_size_bytes
• windows_logical_disk_free_bytes
• windows_net_bytes_total
• windows_net_packets_received_discarded_total
• windows_net_packets_outbound_discarded_total
• windows_container_available
• windows_container_cpu_usage_seconds_total
• windows_container_memory_usage_commit_bytes
• windows_container_memory_usage_private_working_set_bytes
• windows_container_network_receive_bytes_total
• windows_container_network_transmit_bytes_total

WindowsKubeProxy

• kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds
• kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket
• kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_sum
• kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_count
• rest_client_requests_total
• rest_client_request_duration_seconds
• rest_client_request_duration_seconds_bucket
• rest_client_request_duration_seconds_sum
• rest_client_request_duration_seconds_count
• process_resident_memory_bytes
• process_cpu_seconds_total
• go_goroutines

controlplane-apiserver

• apiserver_request_total
• apiserver_cache_list_fetched_objects_total
• apiserver_cache_list_returned_objects_total
• apiserver_flowcontrol_demand_seats_average
• apiserver_flowcontrol_current_limit_seats
• apiserver_request_sli_duration_seconds_bucket{le=+inf}
• apiserver_request_sli_duration_seconds_count
• apiserver_request_sli_duration_seconds_sum
• process_start_time_seconds
• apiserver_request_duration_seconds_bucket{le=+inf}
• apiserver_request_duration_seconds_count
• apiserver_request_duration_seconds_sum
• apiserver_storage_list_fetched_objects_total
• apiserver_storage_list_returned_objects_total
• apiserver_current_inflight_requests

控制平面-集群-自动扩缩器

• rest_client_requests_total
• cluster_autoscaler_last_activity
• cluster_autoscaler_cluster_safe_to_autoscale
• cluster_autoscaler_scale_down_in_cooldown
• cluster_autoscaler_scaled_up_nodes_total
• cluster_autoscaler_unneeded_nodes_count
• cluster_autoscaler_unschedulable_pods_count
• cluster_autoscaler_nodes_count
• cloudprovider_azure_api_request_errors
• cloudprovider_azure_api_request_duration_seconds_bucket
• cloudprovider_azure_api_request_duration_seconds_count

控制平面节点自动配置

• karpenter_pods_state
• karpenter_nodes_created_total
• karpenter_nodes_terminated_total
• karpenter_nodeclaims_disrupted_total
• karpenter_voluntary_disruption_eligible_nodes
• karpenter_voluntary_disruption_decisions_total

控制平面-kube调度器

• scheduler_pending_pods
• scheduler_unschedulable_pods
• scheduler_pod_scheduling_attempts
• scheduler_queue_incoming_pods_total
• scheduler_preemption_attempts_total
• scheduler_preemption_victims
• scheduler_scheduling_attempt_duration_seconds
• scheduler_schedule_attempts_total
• scheduler_pod_scheduling_duration_seconds

controlplane-kube-controller-manager

• rest_client_request_duration_seconds
• rest_client_requests_total
• workqueue_depth

controlplane-etcd

• etcd_server_has_leader
• rest_client_requests_total
• etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes
• etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_use_in_bytes
• etcd_server_slow_read_indexes_total
• etcd_server_slow_apply_total
• etcd_network_client_grpc_sent_bytes_total
• etcd_server_heartbeat_send_failures_total

仪表板

将 Azure Monitor 工作区链接到 Azure 托管 Grafana 实例时，Azure Monitor 为 Prometheus 提供的托管服务会自动预配并配置以下默认仪表板。 它们在指定的 Azure Grafana 实例中的 Managed Prometheus 文件夹下预配。 这些是用于使用 Prometheus 和 Grafana 监视 Kubernetes 群集的标准开源社区仪表板。

• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Cluster
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Namespace (Pods)
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Node (Pods)
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Pod
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Namespace (Workloads)
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Workload
• Kubernetes / Kubelet
• Node Exporter / USE Method / Node
• Node Exporter / Nodes
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Cluster (Windows)
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Namespace (Windows)
• Kubernetes / Compute Resources / Pod (Windows)
• Kubernetes / USE Method / Cluster (Windows)
• Kubernetes / USE Method / Node (Windows)

记录规则

将 Prometheus 指标配置为从 Azure Kubernetes 服务 （AKS） 群集中擦除时，Azure Monitor 托管服务会自动配置以下默认录制规则。 可在 此 GitHub 存储库中找到这些记录规则的源代码。 这些是上述仪表板中使用的标准开源录制规则。

• cluster:node_cpu:ratio_rate5m
• namespace_cpu:kube_pod_container_resource_requests:sum
• namespace_cpu:kube_pod_container_resource_limits:sum
• :node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes:sum
• namespace_memory:kube_pod_container_resource_requests:sum
• namespace_memory:kube_pod_container_resource_limits:sum
• namespace_workload_pod:kube_pod_owner:relabel
• node_namespace_pod_container:container_cpu_usage_seconds_total:sum_irate
• cluster:namespace:pod_cpu:active:kube_pod_container_resource_requests
• cluster:namespace:pod_cpu:active:kube_pod_container_resource_limits
• cluster:namespace:pod_memory:active:kube_pod_container_resource_requests
• cluster:namespace:pod_memory:active:kube_pod_container_resource_limits
• node_namespace_pod_container:container_memory_working_set_bytes
• node_namespace_pod_container:container_memory_rss
• node_namespace_pod_container:container_memory_cache
• node_namespace_pod_container:container_memory_swap
• instance:node_cpu_utilisation:rate5m
• instance:node_load1_per_cpu:ratio
• instance:node_memory_utilisation:ratio
• instance:node_vmstat_pgmajfault:rate5m
• instance:node_network_receive_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
• instance:node_network_transmit_bytes_excluding_lo:rate5m
• instance:node_network_receive_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
• instance:node_network_transmit_drop_excluding_lo:rate5m
• instance_device:node_disk_io_time_seconds:rate5m
• instance_device:node_disk_io_time_weighted_seconds:rate5m
• instance:node_num_cpu:sum
• node:windows_node:sum
• node:windows_node_num_cpu:sum
• :windows_node_cpu_utilisation:avg5m
• node:windows_node_cpu_utilisation:avg5m
• :windows_node_memory_utilisation:
• :windows_node_memory_MemFreeCached_bytes:sum
• node:windows_node_memory_totalCached_bytes:sum
• :windows_node_memory_MemTotal_bytes:sum
• node:windows_node_memory_bytes_available:sum
• node:windows_node_memory_bytes_total:sum
• node:windows_node_memory_utilisation:ratio
• node:windows_node_memory_utilisation:
• node:windows_node_memory_swap_io_pages:irate
• :windows_node_disk_utilisation:avg_irate
• node:windows_node_disk_utilisation:avg_irate
• node:windows_node_filesystem_usage:
• node:windows_node_filesystem_avail:
• :windows_node_net_utilisation:sum_irate
• node:windows_node_net_utilisation:sum_irate
• :windows_node_net_saturation:sum_irate
• node:windows_node_net_saturation:sum_irate
• windows_pod_container_available
• windows_container_total_runtime
• windows_container_memory_usage
• windows_container_private_working_set_usage
• windows_container_network_received_bytes_total
• windows_container_network_transmitted_bytes_total
• kube_pod_windows_container_resource_memory_request
• kube_pod_windows_container_resource_memory_limit
• kube_pod_windows_container_resource_cpu_cores_request
• kube_pod_windows_container_resource_cpu_cores_limit
• namespace_pod_container:windows_container_cpu_usage_seconds_total:sum_rate

Prometheus 可视化记录规则

将自动部署以下录制规则以支持 Prometheus 可视化效果。

• ux:cluster_pod_phase_count:sum
• ux:node_cpu_usage:sum_irate
• ux:node_memory_usage:sum
• ux:controller_pod_phase_count:sum
• ux:controller_container_count:sum
• ux:controller_workingset_memory:sum
• ux:controller_cpu_usage:sum_irate
• ux:controller_rss_memory:sum
• ux:controller_resource_limit:sum
• ux:controller_container_restarts:max
• ux:pod_container_count:sum
• ux:pod_cpu_usage:sum_irate
• ux:pod_workingset_memory:sum
• ux:pod_rss_memory:sum
• ux:pod_resource_limit:sum
• ux:pod_container_restarts:max
• ux:node_network_receive_drop_total:sum_irate
• ux:node_network_transmit_drop_total:sum_irate

为了支持 Windows，以下是必需的录制规则。 它们是自动部署的，但默认情况下未启用。 请参阅 启用和禁用规则组 以启用它们。

• ux:node_cpu_usage_windows:sum_irate
• ux:node_memory_usage_windows:sum
• ux:controller_cpu_usage_windows:sum_irate
• ux:controller_workingset_memory_windows:sum
• ux:pod_cpu_usage_windows:sum_irate
• ux:pod_workingset_memory_windows:sum

后续步骤

自定义 Prometheus 指标的抓取。