快速入门：使用 ARM 模板创建 Ubuntu Data Science Virtual Machine

项目
04/09/2024

本快速入门将介绍如何使用 Azure 资源管理器模板（ARM 模板）创建 Ubuntu Data Science Virtual Machine。 Data Science Virtual Machine 是基于云的虚拟机，预加载了一套数据科学和机器学习框架及工具。当部署在 GPU 驱动的计算资源上时，所有工具和库都配置为使用 GPU。

资源管理器模板是定义项目基础结构和配置的 JavaScript 对象表示法 (JSON) 文件。模板使用声明性语法。在声明性语法中，你可以在不编写创建部署的编程命令序列的情况下，描述预期部署。

如果你的环境满足先决条件，并且你熟悉如何使用 ARM 模板，请选择“部署到 Azure”按钮。 Azure 门户中会打开模板。

先决条件

Azure 订阅。如果没有 Azure 订阅，请在开始前创建一个试用版订阅。
若要从本地环境使用本文档中的 CLI 命令，需要使用 Azure CLI。

查看模板

本快速入门中使用的模板来自 Azure 快速启动模板。

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "metadata": {
    "_generator": {
      "name": "bicep",
      "version": "0.8.9.13224",
      "templateHash": "4895680407304578048"
    }
  },
  "parameters": {
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Username for Administrator Account"
      }
    },
    "vmName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "vmName",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The name of you Virtual Machine."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location for all resources."
      }
    },
    "cpu_gpu": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "CPU-4GB",
      "allowedValues": [
        "CPU-4GB",
        "CPU-7GB",
        "CPU-8GB",
        "CPU-14GB",
        "CPU-16GB",
        "GPU-56GB"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Choose between CPU or GPU processing"
      }
    },
    "virtualNetworkName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "vNet",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Name of the VNET"
      }
    },
    "subnetName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "subnet",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Name of the subnet in the virtual network"
      }
    },
    "networkSecurityGroupName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "SecGroupNet",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Name of the Network Security Group"
      }
    },
    "authenticationType": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "sshPublicKey",
      "allowedValues": [
        "sshPublicKey",
        "password"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Type of authentication to use on the Virtual Machine. SSH key is recommended."
      }
    },
    "adminPasswordOrKey": {
      "type": "secureString",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "SSH Key or password for the Virtual Machine. SSH key is recommended."
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "networkInterfaceName": "[format('{0}NetInt', parameters('vmName'))]",
    "virtualMachineName": "[parameters('vmName')]",
    "publicIpAddressName": "[format('{0}PublicIP', parameters('vmName'))]",
    "subnetRef": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', parameters('virtualNetworkName'), parameters('subnetName'))]",
    "nsgId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', parameters('networkSecurityGroupName'))]",
    "osDiskType": "StandardSSD_LRS",
    "storageAccountName": "[format('storage{0}', uniqueString(resourceGroup().id))]",
    "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
    "storageAccountKind": "Storage",
    "vmSize": {
      "CPU-4GB": "Standard_B2s",
      "CPU-7GB": "Standard_D2s_v3",
      "CPU-8GB": "Standard_D2s_v3",
      "CPU-14GB": "Standard_D4s_v3",
      "CPU-16GB": "Standard_D4s_v3",
      "GPU-56GB": "Standard_NC6_Promo"
    },
    "linuxConfiguration": {
      "disablePasswordAuthentication": true,
      "ssh": {
        "publicKeys": [
          {
            "path": "[format('/home/{0}/.ssh/authorized_keys', parameters('adminUsername'))]",
            "keyData": "[parameters('adminPasswordOrKey')]"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[variables('networkInterfaceName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "ipconfig1",
            "properties": {
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[variables('subnetRef')]"
              },
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIpAddressName'))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "networkSecurityGroup": {
          "id": "[variables('nsgId')]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', parameters('networkSecurityGroupName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIpAddressName'))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', parameters('virtualNetworkName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[parameters('networkSecurityGroupName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "securityRules": [
          {
            "name": "JupyterHub",
            "properties": {
              "priority": 1010,
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "access": "Allow",
              "direction": "Inbound",
              "sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
              "sourcePortRange": "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
              "destinationPortRange": "8000"
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "RStudioServer",
            "properties": {
              "priority": 1020,
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "access": "Allow",
              "direction": "Inbound",
              "sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
              "sourcePortRange": "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
              "destinationPortRange": "8787"
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "SSH",
            "properties": {
              "priority": 1030,
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "access": "Allow",
              "direction": "Inbound",
              "sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
              "sourcePortRange": "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
              "destinationPortRange": "22"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[parameters('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "10.0.0.0/24"
          ]
        },
        "subnets": [
          {
            "name": "[parameters('subnetName')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
              "privateEndpointNetworkPolicies": "Enabled",
              "privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies": "Enabled"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
      "name": "[variables('publicIpAddressName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Basic",
        "tier": "Regional"
      },
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
      "name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('storageAccountType')]"
      },
      "kind": "[variables('storageAccountKind')]"
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "apiVersion": "2021-11-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}-{1}', variables('virtualMachineName'), parameters('cpu_gpu'))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "hardwareProfile": {
          "vmSize": "[variables('vmSize')[parameters('cpu_gpu')]]"
        },
        "storageProfile": {
          "osDisk": {
            "createOption": "FromImage",
            "managedDisk": {
              "storageAccountType": "[variables('osDiskType')]"
            }
          },
          "imageReference": {
            "publisher": "microsoft-dsvm",
            "offer": "ubuntu-1804",
            "sku": "1804-gen2",
            "version": "latest"
          }
        },
        "networkProfile": {
          "networkInterfaces": [
            {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('networkInterfaceName'))]"
            }
          ]
        },
        "osProfile": {
          "computerName": "[variables('virtualMachineName')]",
          "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
          "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPasswordOrKey')]",
          "linuxConfiguration": "[if(equals(parameters('authenticationType'), 'password'), json('null'), variables('linuxConfiguration'))]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('networkInterfaceName'))]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[parameters('adminUsername')]"
    }
  }
}

该模板中定义了以下资源：

Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines：创建基于云的虚拟机。在此模板中，将虚拟机配置为运行 Ubuntu 的 Data Science Virtual Machine。

部署模板

若要通过 Azure CLI 使用该模板，请登录并选择你的订阅（请参阅使用 Azure CLI 登录）。然后运行：

read -p "Enter the name of the resource group to create:" resourceGroupName &&
read -p "Enter the Azure location (e.g., chinaeast2):" location &&
read -p "Enter the authentication type (must be 'password' or 'sshPublicKey') :" authenticationType &&
read -p "Enter the login name for the administrator account (may not be 'admin'):" adminUsername &&
read -p "Enter administrator account secure string (value of password or ssh public key):" adminPasswordOrKey &&
templateUri="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/application-workloads/datascience/vm-ubuntu-DSVM-GPU-or-CPU/azuredeploy.json" &&
az group create --name $resourceGroupName --location "$location" &&
az deployment group create --resource-group $resourceGroupName --template-uri $templateUri --parameters adminUsername=$adminUsername authenticationType=$authenticationType adminPasswordOrKey=$adminPasswordOrKey &&
echo "Press [ENTER] to continue ..." &&
read

运行上述命令时，请输入：

要创建的包含 DSVM 和关联资源的资源组的名称。
要在其中进行部署的 Azure 位置。
要使用的身份验证类型（输入字符串 password 或 sshPublicKey）。
管理员帐户的登录名（此值不能为 admin）。
帐户的密码或 SSH 公钥的值。

查看已部署的资源

若要查看 Data Science Virtual Machine：

转到 Azure 门户
登录。
选择你刚才创建的资源组。

你将看到资源组的信息：

包含 DSVM 的基本资源组的屏幕截图

单击虚拟机资源转到其信息页面。可在此处找到 VM 的相关信息，包括连接详细信息。

清理资源

如果不想使用此虚拟机，请删除它。由于 DSVM 与其他资源（例如存储帐户）关联，因此可能需要删除所创建的整个资源组。可以使用门户删除资源组，方法是单击“删除”按钮并进行确认。也可以从 CLI 中使用以下命令删除资源组：

echo "Enter the Resource Group name:" &&
read resourceGroupName &&
az group delete --name $resourceGroupName &&
echo "Press [ENTER] to continue ..."

后续步骤

在本快速入门中，你已通过 ARM 模板创建了 Data Science Virtual Machine。

示例程序和 ML 演练