如何使用 Azure CLI 在 Azure Database for PostgreSQL（单一服务器）中备份和还原服务器How to back up and restore a server in Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server using the Azure CLI

• 12/14/2020
• • W

Azure Database for PostgreSQL 服务器定期进行备份以便启用还原功能。Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers are backed up periodically to enable Restore features. 通过此功能，用户可将服务器及其所有数据库还原到新服务器上的某个较早时间点。Using this feature you may restore the server and all its databases to an earlier point-in-time, on a new server.

先决条件Prerequisites

若要完成本操作说明指南：To complete this how-to guide:

• 需要 Azure Database for PostgreSQL 服务器和数据库。You need an Azure Database for PostgreSQL server and database.

• 如果需要，请安装 Azure CLI 来运行 CLI 参考命令。If you prefer, install the Azure CLI to run CLI reference commands.

  • 如果使用的是本地安装，请使用 az login 命令登录到 Azure CLI。If you're using a local installation, sign in to the Azure CLI by using the az login command. 若要完成身份验证过程，请遵循终端中显示的步骤。To finish the authentication process, follow the steps displayed in your terminal. 有关其他登录选项，请参阅登录 Azure CLI。For additional sign-in options, see Sign in with the Azure CLI.

  • 出现提示时，请在首次使用时安装 Azure CLI 扩展。When you're prompted, install Azure CLI extensions on first use. 有关扩展详细信息，请参阅使用 Azure CLI 的扩展。For more information about extensions, see Use extensions with the Azure CLI.

  • 运行 az version 以查找安装的版本和依赖库。Run az version to find the version and dependent libraries that are installed. 若要升级到最新版本，请运行 az upgrade。To upgrade to the latest version, run az upgrade.

• 本文需要 Azure CLI 版本 2.0 或更高版本。This article requires version 2.0 or later of the Azure CLI.

设置备份配置Set backup configuration

创建服务器时，可以选择将服务器配置为创建本地冗余备份还是创建异地冗余备份。You make the choice between configuring your server for either locally redundant backups or geographically redundant backups at server creation.

通过 az postgres server create 命令创建服务器时，--geo-redundant-backup 参数描述备份冗余选项。While creating a server via the az postgres server create command, the --geo-redundant-backup parameter decides your Backup Redundancy Option. 如果为 Enabled，则创建异地冗余备份。If Enabled, geo redundant backups are taken. 如果为 Disabled，则创建本地冗余备份。Or if Disabled locally redundant backups are taken.

备份保留期由参数 --backup-retention-days 设置。The backup retention period is set by the parameter --backup-retention-days.

有关在创建过程中设置这些值的详细信息，请参阅 Azure Database for PostgreSQL 服务器 CLI 快速入门。For more information about setting these values during create, see the Azure Database for PostgreSQL server CLI Quickstart.

可以如下所述更改服务器的备份保留期：The backup retention period of a server can be changed as follows:

az postgres server update --name mydemoserver --resource-group myresourcegroup --backup-retention 10

前面的示例将 mydemoserver 的备份保留期更改为 10 天。The preceding example changes the backup retention period of mydemoserver to 10 days.

备份保留期控制可以往回检索多长时间的时间点还原，因为它基于可用备份。The backup retention period governs how far back in time a point-in-time restore can be retrieved, since it's based on backups available. 下一部分中进一步介绍了时间点还原。Point-in-time restore is described further in the next section.

服务器时间点还原Server point-in-time restore

可以将服务器还原到以前的某个时间点。You can restore the server to a previous point in time. 将还原的数据复制到新服务器，并且现有服务器将保持不变。The restored data is copied to a new server, and the existing server is left as is. 例如，如果某个表在今天中午意外删除，可以还原到就在中午之前的时间。For example, if a table is accidentally dropped at noon today, you can restore to the time just before noon. 然后可以从服务器的已还原副本中检索缺少的表和数据。Then, you can retrieve the missing table and data from the restored copy of the server.

若要还原服务器，请使用 Azure CLI az postgres server restore 命令。To restore the server, use the Azure CLI az postgres server restore command.

运行还原命令Run the restore command

若要还原服务器，请在 Azure CLI 命令提示符下输入以下命令：To restore the server, at the Azure CLI command prompt, enter the following command:

az postgres server restore --resource-group myresourcegroup --name mydemoserver-restored --restore-point-in-time 2018-03-13T13:59:00Z --source-server mydemoserver

az postgres server restore 命令需要以下参数：The az postgres server restore command requires the following parameters:

将服务器还原到以前的某个时间点时，会创建新服务器。When you restore a server to an earlier point in time, a new server is created. 原始服务器及其从指定时间点开始创建的数据库会复制到新服务器。The original server and its databases from the specified point in time are copied to the new server.

还原的服务器的位置值和定价层值与原始服务器保持相同。The location and pricing tier values for the restored server remain the same as the original server.

还原过程完成后，找到新服务器，验证数据是否已按预期还原。After the restore process finishes, locate the new server and verify that the data is restored as expected. 新服务器具有在启动还原时对现有服务器有效的相同服务器管理员登录名和密码。The new server has the same server admin login name and password that was valid for the existing server at the time the restore was initiated. 可以从新服务器的“概述” 页更改密码。The password can be changed from the new server's Overview page.

还原期间创建的新服务器没有原始服务器上存在的防火墙规则或 VNet 服务终结点。The new server created during a restore does not have the firewall rules or VNet service endpoints that existed on the original server. 需要为此新服务器单独设置这些规则。These rules need to be set up separately for this new server.

异地还原Geo restore

如果为服务器配置了异地冗余备份，则可以从该现有服务器的备份创建新服务器。If you configured your server for geographically redundant backups, a new server can be created from the backup of that existing server. 可以在 Azure Database for PostgreSQL 可用的任何区域中创建此新服务器。This new server can be created in any region that Azure Database for PostgreSQL is available.

若要使用异地冗余备份创建服务器，请使用 Azure CLI az postgres server georestore 命令。To create a server using a geo redundant backup, use the Azure CLI az postgres server georestore command.

若要异地还原服务器，请在 Azure CLI 命令提示符下输入以下命令：To geo restore the server, at the Azure CLI command prompt, enter the following command:

az postgres server georestore --resource-group myresourcegroup --name mydemoserver-georestored --source-server mydemoserver --location chinaeast --sku-name GP_Gen4_8 

此命令在“中国东部”创建一个名为“mydemoserver-georestored”且将属于 myresourcegroup 的新服务器。This command creates a new server called mydemoserver-georestored in China East that will belong to myresourcegroup. 它是一台常规用途第 4 代服务器，具有 8 个 vCore。It is a General Purpose, Gen 4 server with 8 vCores. 该服务器是基于也在资源组 myresourcegroup 中的 mydemoserver 的异地冗余备份创建的。The server is created from the geo-redundant backup of mydemoserver, which is also in the resource group myresourcegroup

如果希望在与现有服务器不同的资源组中创建新服务器，则需要如下例所示在 --source-server 参数中限定服务器名称：If you want to create the new server in a different resource group from the existing server, then in the --source-server parameter you would qualify the server name as in the following example:

az postgres server georestore --resource-group newresourcegroup --name mydemoserver-georestored --source-server "/subscriptions/$<subscription ID>/resourceGroups/$<resource group ID>/providers/Microsoft.DBforPostgreSQL/servers/mydemoserver" --location chinaeast --sku-name GP_Gen4_8

az postgres server georestore 命令需要以下参数：The az postgres server georestore command requires the following parameters:

通过异地还原创建新服务器时，它将继承与源服务器相同的存储大小和定价层。When creating a new server by a geo restore, it inherits the same storage size and pricing tier as the source server. 在创建过程中无法更改这些值。These values cannot be changed during creation. 创建新服务器后，可以纵向扩展其存储大小。After the new server is created, its storage size can be scaled up.

还原过程完成后，找到新服务器，验证数据是否已按预期还原。After the restore process finishes, locate the new server and verify that the data is restored as expected. 新服务器具有在启动还原时对现有服务器有效的相同服务器管理员登录名和密码。The new server has the same server admin login name and password that was valid for the existing server at the time the restore was initiated. 可以从新服务器的“概述” 页更改密码。The password can be changed from the new server's Overview page.

还原期间创建的新服务器没有原始服务器上存在的防火墙规则或 VNet 服务终结点。The new server created during a restore does not have the firewall rules or VNet service endpoints that existed on the original server. 需要为此新服务器单独设置这些规则。These rules need to be set up separately for this new server.

后续步骤Next steps

• 详细了解服务的备份Learn more about the service's backups
• 了解副本Learn about replicas
• 详细了解业务连续性选项Learn more about business continuity options