Quickstart: Send IoT telemetry from an Android device

In this quickstart, you send telemetry to an Azure IoT Hub from an Android application running on a physical or simulated device. IoT Hub is an Azure service that enables you to ingest high volumes of telemetry from your IoT devices into the cloud for storage or processing. This quickstart uses a pre-written Android application to send the telemetry. The telemetry will be read from the IoT Hub using the Azure Cloud Shell. Before you run the application, you create an IoT hub and register a device with the hub.

Prerequisites

• An Azure account with an active subscription. Create trial.

• Android Studio with Android SDK 27. For more information, see android-installation. Android SDK 27 is used by the sample in this article.

• A sample Android application. This sample is part of the azure-iot-samples-java repository.

• Port 8883 open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT).

You can use the local Azure CLI.

• If you prefer, install the Azure CLI to run CLI reference commands.

• Local Azure CLI, see how to install the Azure CLI. If you're running on Windows or macOS, consider running Azure CLI in a Docker container. For more information, see How to run the Azure CLI in a Docker container.

  • Sign in to the Azure CLI by using the az login command. To finish the authentication process, follow the steps displayed in your terminal. For other sign-in options, see Sign in with the Azure CLI.

  • When you're prompted, install the Azure CLI extension on first use. For more information about extensions, see Use extensions with the Azure CLI.

  • Run az version to find the version and dependent libraries that are installed. To upgrade to the latest version, run az upgrade.

Create an IoT hub

This section describes how to create an IoT hub using the Azure portal.

1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

2. On the Azure homepage, select the + Create a resource button.

3. From the Categories menu, select Internet of Things, and then select IoT Hub.

4. On the Basics tab, complete the fields as follows:

   Important

   Because the IoT hub will be publicly discoverable as a DNS endpoint, be sure to avoid entering any sensitive or personally identifiable information when you name it.

   Property	Value
   Subscription	Select the subscription to use for your hub.
   Resource group	Select a resource group or create a new one. To create a new one, select Create new and fill in the name you want to use.
   IoT hub name	Enter a name for your hub. This name must be globally unique, with a length between 3 and 50 alphanumeric characters. The name can also include the dash ('-') character.
   Region	Select the region, closest to you, where you want your hub to be located. Some features, such as IoT Hub device streams, are only available in specific regions. For these limited features, you must select one of the supported regions.
   Tier	Select the tier that you want to use for your hub. Tier selection depends on how many features you want and how many messages you send through your solution per day. The free tier is intended for testing and evaluation. The free tier allows 500 devices to be connected to the hub and up to 8,000 messages per day. Each Azure subscription can create one IoT hub in the free tier. To compare the features available to each tier, select Compare tiers. For more information, see Choose the right IoT Hub tier and size for your solution.
   Daily message limit	Select the maximum daily quota of messages for your hub. The available options depend on the tier you select for your hub. To see the available messaging and pricing options, select See all options and select the option that best matches the needs of your hub. For more information, see IoT Hub quotas and throttling.

   

   Note

   Prices shown are for example purposes only.

5. Select Next: Networking to continue creating your hub.

6. On the Networking tab, complete the fields as follows:

   Property	Value
   Connectivity configuration	Choose the endpoints that devices can use to connect to your IoT hub. Accept the default setting, Public access, for this example. You can change this setting after the IoT hub is created. For more information, see IoT Hub endpoints.
   Minimum TLS Version	Select the minimum TLS version supported by your IoT hub. Once the IoT hub is created, this value can't be changed. Accept the default setting, 1.0, for this example.

   

7. Select Next: Management to continue creating your hub.

8. On the Management tab, accept the default settings. If desired, you can modify any of the following fields:

   Property	Value
   Permission model	Part of role-based access control, this property decides how you manage access to your IoT hub. Allow shared access policies or choose only role-based access control. For more information, see Control access to IoT Hub by using Microsoft Entra ID.
   Assign me	You might need access to IoT Hub data APIs to manage elements within an instance. If you have access to role assignments, select IoT Hub Data Contributor role to grant yourself full access to the data APIs. To assign Azure roles, you must have Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write permissions, such as User Access Administrator or Owner.
   Device-to-cloud partitions	This property relates the device-to-cloud messages to the number of simultaneous readers of the messages. Most IoT hubs need only four partitions.

   

9. Select Next: Add-ons to continue to the next screen.

10. On the Add-ons tab, accept the default settings. If desired, you can modify any of the following fields:

    Property	Value
    Enable Device Update for IoT Hub	Turn on Device Update for IoT Hub to enable over-the-air updates for your devices. If you select this option, you're prompted to provide information to provision a Device Update for IoT Hub account and instance. For more information, see What is Device Update for IoT Hub?
    Enable Defender for IoT	Turn Defender for IoT on to add an extra layer of protection to IoT and your devices. This option isn't available for hubs in the free tier. For more information, see Security recommendations for IoT Hub in Microsoft Defender for IoT documentation.

    

    Note

    Prices shown are for example purposes only.

11. Select Next: Tags to continue to the next screen.

    Tags are name/value pairs. You can assign the same tag to multiple resources and resource groups to categorize resources and consolidate billing. In this document, you don't add any tags. For more information, see Use tags to organize your Azure resources and management hierarchy.

    

12. Select Next: Review + create to review your choices.

13. Select Create to start the deployment of your new hub. Your deployment might progress for a few minutes while the hub is being created. Once the deployment is complete, select Go to resource to open the new hub.

Register a device

A device must be registered with your IoT hub before it can connect. In this quickstart, you use the Azure Cloud Shell to register a simulated device.

1. Run the following command in Azure Cloud Shell to create the device identity.

   YourIoTHubName: Replace this placeholder below with the name you chose for your IoT hub.

   MyAndroidDevice: This is the name of the device you're registering. It's recommended to use MyAndroidDevice as shown. If you choose a different name for your device, you'll also need to use that name throughout this article, and update the device name in the sample applications before you run them.

   az iot hub device-identity create --hub-name {YourIoTHubName} --device-id MyAndroidDevice
   

2. Run the following command to get the device connection string for the device you just registered:

   YourIoTHubName: Replace this placeholder below with the name you chose for your IoT hub.

   az iot hub device-identity connection-string show --hub-name {YourIoTHubName} --device-id MyAndroidDevice --output table
   

   Make a note of the device connection string, which looks like:

   HostName={YourIoTHubName}.azure-devices.cn;DeviceId=MyAndroidDevice;SharedAccessKey={YourSharedAccessKey}

   You'll use this value later in this quickstart to send telemetry.

Send simulated telemetry

1. Open the GitHub sample Android project in Android Studio. The project is located in the following directory of your cloned or downloaded copy of azure-iot-sample-java repository.

2. In Android Studio, open gradle.properties for the sample project and replace the Device_Connection_String placeholder with the device connection string you made a note of earlier.

   DeviceConnectionString=HostName={YourIoTHubName}.azure-devices.cn;DeviceId=MyAndroidDevice;SharedAccessKey={YourSharedAccessKey}
   

3. In Android Studio, click File > Sync Project with Gradle Files. Verify the build completes.

   Note

   If the project sync fails, it may be for one of the following reasons:

   • The versions of the Android Gradle plugin and Gradle referenced in the project are out of date for your version of Android Studio. Follow these instructions to reference and install the correct versions of the plugin and Gradle for your installation.
   • The license agreement for the Android SDK has not been signed. Follow the instructions in the Build output to sign the license agreement and download the SDK.

4. Once the build has completed, click Run > Run 'app'. Configure the app to run on a physical Android device or an Android emulator. For more information on running an Android app on a physical device or emulator, see Run your app.

5. Once the app loads, click the Start button to start sending telemetry to your IoT Hub:

   

Read the telemetry from your hub

In this section, you will use the Azure Cloud Shell with the IoT extension to monitor the device messages that are sent by the Android device.

1. Using the Azure Cloud Shell, run the following command to connect and read messages from your IoT hub:

   YourIoTHubName: Replace this placeholder below with the name you chose for your IoT hub.

   az iot hub monitor-events --hub-name {YourIoTHubName} --output table
   

   The following screenshot shows the output as the IoT hub receives telemetry sent by the Android device:

   

Clean up resources

If you're continuing to the next recommended article, you can keep the resources you already created and reuse them.

Otherwise, you can delete the Azure resources created in this article to avoid charges.

To delete a resource group by name:

1. Sign in to the Azure portal and select Resource groups.

2. In the Filter for any field textbox, type the name of the resource group containing your IoT hub.

3. In the result list, select the resource group containing your IoT hub.

4. In the working pane for the resource group, select Delete resource group from the command bar.

   

5. You're asked to confirm the deletion of the resource group. Type the name of your resource group again to confirm, and then select Delete. After a few moments, the resource group and all of its contained resources are deleted.

Next steps

In this quickstart, you set up an IoT hub, registered a device, sent simulated telemetry to the hub using an Android application, and read the telemetry from the hub.

To learn how to control your simulated device from a back-end application, continue to the next quickstart.