将 Raspberry Pi 连接到 Azure IoT 中心 (C)Connect Raspberry Pi to Azure IoT Hub (C)

• 05/06/2019
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在本教程中，首先学习有关使用运行 Raspbian 的 Raspberry Pi 的基础知识。In this tutorial, you begin by learning the basics of working with Raspberry Pi that's running Raspbian. 然后学习如何使用 Azure IoT 中心将设备无缝连接到云。You then learn how to seamlessly connect your devices to the cloud by using Azure IoT Hub. 有关 Windows 10 IoT Core 的示例，请访问 Windows 开发人员中心。For Windows 10 IoT Core samples, go to the Windows Dev Center. 还没有工具包？Don't have a kit yet? 试用 Raspberry Pi 联机模拟器。Try Raspberry Pi online simulator. 或在此处购买新工具包。Or buy a new kit here.

准备工作What you do

• 创建 IoT 中心。Create an IoT hub.
• 在 IoT 中心内为 Pi 注册设备。Register a device for Pi in your IoT hub.
• 设置 Raspberry Pi。Setup Raspberry Pi.
• 在 Pi 上运行示例应用程序，以将传感器数据发送到 IoT 中心。Run a sample application on Pi to send sensor data to your IoT hub.

将 Raspberry Pi 连接到所创建的 IoT 中心。Connect Raspberry Pi to an IoT hub that you create. 然后，在 Pi 上运行示例应用程序，从 BME280 传感器收集温度和湿度数据。Then you run a sample application on Pi to collect temperature and humidity data from a BME280 sensor. 最后，将传感器数据发送到 IoT 中心。Finally, you send the sensor data to your IoT hub.

学习内容What you learn

• 如何创建 Azure IoT 中心以及如何获取新的设备连接字符串。How to create an Azure IoT hub and get your new device connection string.
• 如何通过 BME280 传感器连接 Pi。How to connect Pi with a BME280 sensor.
• 如何通过在 Pi 上运行示例应用程序来收集传感器数据。How to collect sensor data by running a sample application on Pi.
• 如何将传感器数据发送到 IoT 中心。How to send sensor data to your IoT hub.

需要什么What you need

• Raspberry Pi 2 或 Raspberry Pi 3 电路板。The Raspberry Pi 2 or Raspberry Pi 3 board.
• 一个有效的 Azure 订阅。An active Azure subscription. 如果没有 Azure 帐户，只需几分钟时间就能创建一个免费的 Azure 试用帐户。If you don't have an Azure account, create a free Azure trial account in just a few minutes.
• 监视器、USB 键盘和连接到 Pi 的鼠标。A monitor, a USB keyboard, and mouse that connect to Pi.
• 运行 Windows 或 Linux 的 Mac 或电脑。A Mac or a PC that is running Windows or Linux.
• Internet 连接。An Internet connection.
• 16 GB 或更大容量的 microSD 卡。A 16 GB or above microSD card.
• USB-SD 适配器或 microSD 卡，用于将操作系统映像刻录到 microSD 卡中。A USB-SD adapter or microSD card to burn the operating system image onto the microSD card.
• 带有 6 英尺微型 USB 电缆的 5 伏 2 安电源。A 5-volt 2-amp power supply with the 6-foot micro USB cable.

以下项可选：The following items are optional:

• 已装配的 Adafruit BME280 温度、压力和湿度传感器。An assembled Adafruit BME280 temperature, pressure, and humidity sensor.
• 试验板。A breadboard.
• 6 根 F/M 跳线。6 F/M jumper wires.
• 散射的 10 毫米 LED 灯。A diffused 10-mm LED.

创建 IoT 中心Create an IoT hub

此部分介绍如何使用 Azure 门户创建 IoT 中心。This section describes how to create an IoT hub using the Azure portal.

1. 登录到 Azure 门户。Log in to the Azure portal.

2. 选择“+创建资源”，然后搜索市场，寻找 IoT 中心 。Choose +Create a resource, then Search the Marketplace for the IoT Hub.

3. 选择“IoT 中心”，然后单击“创建”按钮 。Select IoT Hub and click the Create button. 随即显示 IoT 中心创建过程的第一个屏幕。You see the first screen for creating an IoT hub.

   

   填充字段。Fill in the fields.

   订阅：请选择要用于 IoT 中心的订阅。Subscription: Select the subscription to use for your IoT hub.

   资源组：可创建新的资源组或使用现有资源组。Resource Group: You can create a new resource group or use an existing one. 若要新建一个，请单击“新建” ，并填写要使用的名称。To create a new one, click Create new and fill in the name you want to use. 若要使用现有资源组，请单击“使用现有资源组” 并从下拉列表中选择该组。To use an existing resource group, click Use existing and select the resource group from the dropdown list. 有关详细信息，请参阅管理 Azure 资源管理器资源组。For more information, see Manage Azure Resource Manager resource groups.

   区域：这是要在其中设置中心的区域。Region: This is the region in which you want your hub to be located. 从下拉列表中选择最靠近自己的位置。Select the location closest to you from the dropdown list.

   IoT 中心名称：输入 IoT 中心的名称。IoT Hub Name: Put in the name for your IoT Hub. 此名称必须全局唯一。This name must be globally unique. 如果输入的名称可用，会显示一个绿色复选标记。If the name you enter is available, a green check mark appears.

   Important

   IoT 中心将公开为 DNS 终结点，因此，命名时请务必避免包含任何敏感信息。The IoT hub will be publicly discoverable as a DNS endpoint, so make sure to avoid any sensitive information while naming it.

4. 单击“下一步: 大小和规模”，以便继续创建 IoT 中心。Click Next: Size and scale to continue creating your IoT hub.

   

   在此屏幕上，可以采用默认值，只需在底部单击“查看+创建”即可 。On this screen, you can take the defaults and just click Review + create at the bottom.

   定价和缩放层：可以根据你需要的功能数以及每天通过解决方案发送的消息数从多个层中进行选择。Pricing and scale tier: You can choose from several tiers depending on how many features you want and how many messages you send through your solution per day. 免费层适用于测试和评估。The free tier is intended for testing and evaluation. 它允许 500 台设备连接到 IoT 中心，并且每天最多传输 8,000 条信息。It allows 500 devices to be connected to the IoT hub and up to 8,000 messages per day. 每个 Azure 订阅可以在免费层中创建一个 IoT 中心。Each Azure subscription can create one IoT Hub in the free tier.

   IoT 中心单元：每个单位每日允许的消息数取决于中心的定价层。IoT Hub units: The number of messages allowed per unit per day depends on your hub's pricing tier. 例如，如果希望 IoT 中心支持 700,000 条消息输入，则选择两个 S1 层单位。For example, if you want the IoT hub to support ingress of 700,000 messages, you choose two S1 tier units.

   有关其他层选项的详细信息，请参阅选择合适的 IoT 中心层。For details about the other tier options, see Choosing the right IoT Hub tier.

   高级 / 设备到云分区：此属性将设备到云消息与这些消息的同步读取器数目相关联。Advanced / Device-to-cloud partitions: This property relates the device-to-cloud messages to the number of simultaneous readers of the messages. 大多数 IoT 中心只需要 4 个分区。Most IoT hubs only need four partitions.

5. 单击“查看+创建” 可查看选择。Click Review + create to review your choices. 会显示类似于以下的屏幕。You see something similar to this screen.

   

6. 单击“创建”以创建新的 IoT 中心 。Click Create to create your new IoT hub. 创建中心需要几分钟时间。Creating the hub takes a few minutes.

检索 IoT 中心的连接字符串Retrieve connection string for IoT hub

创建中心以后，请检索中心的连接字符串。After your hub has been created, retrieve the connection string for the hub. 该字符串用于将设备和应用程序连接到中心。This is used to connect devices and applications to your hub.

1. 单击中心，查看“IoT 中心”窗格，其中包含“设置”等内容。Click on your hub to see the IoT Hub pane with Settings, and so on. 单击“共享访问策略”。Click Shared access policies.

2. 在“共享访问策略”中，选择 iothubowner 策略。In Shared access policies, select the iothubowner policy.

3. 在“共享访问密钥”下，复制“连接字符串 -- 主密钥”供以后使用。Under Shared access keys, copy the Connection string -- primary key to be used later.

   

   有关详细信息，请参阅“IoT 中心开发人员指南”中的访问控制。For more information, see Access control in the "IoT Hub developer guide."

在 IoT 中心内注册新设备Register a new device in the IoT hub

本部分在 IoT 中心的标识注册表中创建设备标识。In this section, you create a device identity in the identity registry in your IoT hub. 设备无法连接到 IoT 中心，除非它在标识注册表中具有条目。A device cannot connect to IoT hub unless it has an entry in the identity registry. 有关详细信息，请参阅 IoT 中心开发人员指南的“标识注册表”部分For more information, see the "Identity registry" section of the IoT Hub developer guide

1. 在 IoT 中心导航菜单中，打开“IoT 设备”，然后单击“添加”，在 IoT 中心注册新设备。In your IoT hub navigation menu, open IoT Devices, then click Add to register a new device in your IoT hub.

   

2. 提供新设备的名称（例如 myDeviceId），然后单击“保存”。Provide a name for your new device, such as myDeviceId, and click Save. 此操作会为 IoT 中心创建新设备标识。This action creates a new device identity for your IoT hub.

   

   Important

   收集的日志中可能会显示设备 ID 用于客户支持和故障排除，因此，在为日志命名时，请务必避免包含任何敏感信息。The device ID may be visible in the logs collected for customer support and troubleshooting, so make sure to avoid any sensitive information while naming it.

3. 创建设备后，在“IoT 设备”窗格的列表中打开该设备。After the device is created, open the device from the list in the IoT devices pane. 复制“连接字符串 ---主密钥”供以后使用。Copy the Connection string---primary key to use later.

   

设置 Raspberry PiSetup Raspberry Pi

现在设置 Raspberry Pi。Now set up the Raspberry Pi.

为 Pi 安装 Raspbian 操作系统Install the Raspbian operating system for Pi

准备用于安装 Raspbian 映像的 microSD 卡。Prepare the microSD card for installation of the Raspbian image.

1. 下载 Raspbian。Download Raspbian.
   1. 下载 Raspbian Stretch with Desktop（.zip 文件）。Download Raspbian Stretch with Desktop (the .zip file).
   2. 将 Raspbian 映像解压缩到计算机的某个文件夹中。Extract the Raspbian image to a folder on your computer.
2. 将 Raspbian 安装到 microSD 卡。Install Raspbian to the microSD card.
   1. 下载并安装 Etcher SD 卡刻录机实用工具。Download and install the Etcher SD card burner utility.
   2. 运行 Etcher 并选择已在步骤 1 中解压缩的 Raspbian 映像。Run Etcher and select the Raspbian image that you extracted in step 1.
   3. 选择 microSD 卡驱动器。Select the microSD card drive. 注意，Etcher 可能已选择了正确的驱动器。Note that Etcher may have already selected the correct drive.
   4. 单击“刷机”，将 Raspbian 安装到 microSD 卡。Click Flash to install Raspbian to the microSD card.
   5. 在安装完成后，从计算机中移除 microSD 卡。Remove the microSD card from your computer when installation is complete. 可以安全地直接取出 microSD 卡，因为 Etcher 会在完成后自动弹出或卸载 microSD 卡。It's safe to remove the microSD card directly because Etcher automatically ejects or unmounts the microSD card upon completion.
   6. 将 microSD 卡插入 Pi。Insert the microSD card into Pi.

启用 SSH 和 SPIEnable SSH and SPI

1. 将 Pi 连接到监视器、键盘和鼠标，启动 Pi，然后通过将 pi 用作用户名并将 raspberry 用作密码来登录 Raspbian。Connect Pi to the monitor, keyboard and mouse, start Pi and then sign in to Raspbian by using pi as the user name and raspberry as the password.

2. 依次单击 Raspberry 图标 >“首选项” > “Raspberry Pi 配置”。Click the Raspberry icon > Preferences > Raspberry Pi Configuration.

   

3. 在“接口”选项卡上，将“SPI”和“SSH”设置为“启用”，然后单击“确定”。On the Interfaces tab, set SPI and SSH to Enable, and then click OK. 如果没有物理传感器，但希望使用模拟传感器数据，可选择执行此步骤。If you don't have physical sensors and want to use simulated sensor data, this step is optional.

   

将传感器连接到 PiConnect the sensor to Pi

使用试验板和跳线，将 LED 灯和 BME280 连接到 Pi，如下所示。Use the breadboard and jumper wires to connect an LED and a BME280 to Pi as follows. 如果没有该传感器，请跳过此部分。If you don’t have the sensor, skip this section.

BME280 传感器可以收集温度和湿度数据。The BME280 sensor can collect temperature and humidity data. 如果设备和云之间有通信，LED 将闪烁。And the LED will blink if there is a communication between device and the cloud.

对于传感器引脚，请使用以下接线：For sensor pins, use the following wiring:

单击查看 Raspberry Pi 2 和 3 引脚映射以供参考。Click to view Raspberry Pi 2 & 3 Pin mappings for your reference.

成功将 BME280 连接到 Raspberry Pi 后，它应如下图所示。After you've successfully connected BME280 to your Raspberry Pi, it should be like below image.

将 Pi 连接到网络Connect Pi to the network

使用 USB 微电缆和电源开启 Pi。Turn on Pi by using the micro USB cable and the power supply. 使用以太网电缆将 Pi 连接到有线网络，或者按照 Raspberry Pi Foundation 中的说明将 Pi 连接到无线网络。Use the Ethernet cable to connect Pi to your wired network or follow the instructions from the Raspberry Pi Foundation to connect Pi to your wireless network. 将 Pi 成功连接到网络后，需要记下 Pi 的 IP 地址。After your Pi has been successfully connected to the network, you need to take a note of the IP address of your Pi.

在 Pi 上运行示例应用程序Run a sample application on Pi

登录到 Raspberry PiSign into your Raspberry Pi

1. 使用主计算机的以下任一 SSH 客户端连接到 Raspberry Pi。Use one of the following SSH clients from your host computer to connect to your Raspberry Pi.

   Windows 用户Windows Users

   1. 下载并安装 PuTTY for Windows。Download and install PuTTY for Windows.
   2. 将 Pi 的 IP 地址复制到主机名（或 IP 地址）部分，并选择 SSH 作为连接类型。Copy the IP address of your Pi into the Host name (or IP address) section and select SSH as the connection type.

   

   Mac 和 Ubuntu 用户Mac and Ubuntu Users

   使用 Ubuntu 或 macOS 上的内置 SSH 客户端。Use the built-in SSH client on Ubuntu or macOS. 可能需要运行 ssh pi@<ip address of pi>，以通过 SSH 连接 Pi。You might need to run ssh pi@<ip address of pi> to connect Pi via SSH.

   Note

   默认用户名是 pi，密码是 raspberry。The default username is pi , and the password is raspberry.

配置示例应用程序Configure the sample application

1. 通过运行以下命令，克隆示例应用程序：Clone the sample application by running the following command:

   sudo apt-get install git-core
   git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/iot-hub-c-raspberrypi-client-app.git
   

2. 运行安装脚本：Run setup script:

   cd ./iot-hub-c-raspberrypi-client-app
   sudo chmod u+x setup.sh
   sudo ./setup.sh
   

   Note

   如果没有物理 BME280，可使用“--simulated-data”作为命令行参数来模拟温度和湿度数据。If you don't have a physical BME280, you can use '--simulated-data' as command line parameter to simulate temperature&humidity data. sudo ./setup.sh --simulated-data

生成并运行示例应用程序Build and run the sample application

1. 通过运行以下命令，生成示例应用程序：Build the sample application by running the following command:

   cmake . && make
   

   

2. 通过运行以下命令，生成示例应用程序：Run the sample application by running the following command:

   sudo ./app '<DEVICE CONNECTION STRING>'
   

   Note

   确保将设备连接字符串复制并粘贴到单引号中。Make sure you copy-paste the device connection string into the single quotes.

应看到以下输出，其中显示传感器数据以及发送至 IoT 中心的消息。You should see the following output that shows the sensor data and the messages that are sent to your IoT hub.

读取 IoT 中心收到的消息Read the messages received by your hub

若要监视 IoT 中心从设备收到的消息，一种方法是使用适用于 Visual Studio Code 的 Azure IoT Tools。One way to monitor messages received by your IoT hub from your device is to use the Azure IoT Tools for Visual Studio Code. 若要了解详细信息，请参阅使用适用于 Visual Studio Code 的 Azure IoT Tools 在设备和 IoT 中心之间发送和接收消息。To learn more, see Use Azure IoT Tools for Visual Studio Code to send and receive messages between your device and IoT Hub.

若要了解如何通过更多方式来处理设备发送的数据，请转到下一部分。For more ways to process data sent by your device, continue on to the next section.

后续步骤Next steps

此时已运行示例应用程序，收集传感器数据并将其发送到 IoT 中心。You’ve run a sample application to collect sensor data and send it to your IoT hub.

若要继续了解 Azure IoT 中心入门知识并浏览所有扩展的 IoT 方案，请参阅：To continue to get started with Azure IoT Hub and to explore all extended IoT scenarios, see the following:

• 使用用于 Visual Studio Code 的 Azure IoT 中心工具包扩展管理云设备消息传送Manage cloud device messaging with Azure IoT Hub Toolkit extension for Visual Studio Code

• 使用用于 Visual Studio Code 的 Azure IoT 中心工具包扩展管理设备Manage devices with Azure IoT Hub Toolkit extension for Visual Studio Code

• 使用逻辑应用执行远程监视和发送通知Use Logic Apps for remote monitoring and notifications