使用 Azure 数据工厂从 Amazon Redshift 复制数据Copy data from Amazon Redshift using Azure Data Factory

• 05/11/2020
• • 

适用于： Azure 数据工厂 Azure Synapse Analytics（预览版）APPLIES TO: Azure Data Factory Azure Synapse Analytics (Preview)

本文概述了如何使用 Azure 数据工厂中的复制活动从 Amazon Redshift 复制数据。This article outlines how to use the Copy Activity in Azure Data Factory to copy data from an Amazon Redshift. 它是基于概述复制活动总体的复制活动概述一文。It builds on the copy activity overview article that presents a general overview of copy activity.

支持的功能Supported capabilities

以下活动支持此 Amazon Redshift 连接器：This Amazon Redshift connector is supported for the following activities:

• 带有支持的源或接收器矩阵的复制活动Copy activity with supported source/sink matrix
• Lookup 活动Lookup activity

可以将数据从 Amazon Redshift 复制到任何支持的接收器数据存储。You can copy data from Amazon Redshift to any supported sink data store. 有关复制活动支持作为源/接收器的数据存储列表，请参阅支持的数据存储表。For a list of data stores that are supported as sources/sinks by the copy activity, see the Supported data stores table.

具体而言，通过使用查询或内置 Redshift UNLOAD 支持，此 Amazon Redshift 连接器支持从 Redshift 检索数据。Specifically, this Amazon Redshift connector supports retrieving data from Redshift using query or built-in Redshift UNLOAD support.

先决条件Prerequisites

• 如果使用自承载集成运行时将数据复制到本地数据存储，请授权集成运行时（使用计算机的 IP 地址）对 Amazon Redshift 群集的访问权限。If you are copying data to an on-premises data store using Self-hosted Integration Runtime, grant Integration Runtime (use IP address of the machine) the access to Amazon Redshift cluster. 有关说明，请参阅授予对群集的访问权限。See Authorize access to the cluster for instructions.
• 如果要将数据复制到 Azure 数据存储，请参阅 Azure 数据中心 IP 范围，了解 Azure 数据中心使用的计算 IP 地址和 SQL 范围。If you are copying data to an Azure data store, see Azure Data Center IP Ranges for the Compute IP address and SQL ranges used by the Azure data centers.

入门Getting started

若要使用管道执行复制活动，可以使用以下工具或 SDK 之一：To perform the Copy activity with a pipeline, you can use one of the following tools or SDKs:

• 复制数据工具The Copy Data tool
• Azure 门户The Azure portal
• .NET SDKThe .NET SDK
• Python SDKThe Python SDK
• Azure PowerShellAzure PowerShell
• REST APIThe REST API
• Azure 资源管理器模板The Azure Resource Manager template

对于特定于 Amazon Redshift 连接器的数据工厂实体，以下部分提供了有关用于定义这些实体的属性的详细信息。The following sections provide details about properties that are used to define Data Factory entities specific to Amazon Redshift connector.

链接服务属性Linked service properties

Amazon Redshift 链接的服务支持以下属性：The following properties are supported for Amazon Redshift linked service:

示例：Example:

{
    "name": "AmazonRedshiftLinkedService",
    "properties":
    {
        "type": "AmazonRedshift",
        "typeProperties":
        {
            "server": "<server name>",
            "database": "<database name>",
            "username": "<username>",
            "password": {
                "type": "SecureString",
                "value": "<password>"
            }
        },
        "connectVia": {
            "referenceName": "<name of Integration Runtime>",
            "type": "IntegrationRuntimeReference"
        }
    }
}

数据集属性Dataset properties

有关可用于定义数据集的各部分和属性的完整列表，请参阅数据集一文。For a full list of sections and properties available for defining datasets, see the datasets article. 本部分提供 Amazon Redshift 数据集支持的属性列表。This section provides a list of properties supported by Amazon Redshift dataset.

若要从 Amazon Redshift 复制数据，支持以下属性：To copy data from Amazon Redshift, the following properties are supported:

示例Example

{
    "name": "AmazonRedshiftDataset",
    "properties":
    {
        "type": "AmazonRedshiftTable",
        "typeProperties": {},
        "schema": [],
        "linkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "<Amazon Redshift linked service name>",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        }
    }
}

如果使用 RelationalTable 类型数据集，该数据集仍按原样受支持，但我们建议今后使用新数据集。If you were using RelationalTable typed dataset, it is still supported as-is, while you are suggested to use the new one going forward.

复制活动属性Copy activity properties

有关可用于定义活动的各部分和属性的完整列表，请参阅管道一文。For a full list of sections and properties available for defining activities, see the Pipelines article. 本部分提供 Amazon Redshift 源支持的属性列表。This section provides a list of properties supported by Amazon Redshift source.

作为源的 Amazon RedshiftAmazon Redshift as source

要从 Amazon Redshift 复制数据，请将复制活动中的源类型设置为“AmazonRedshiftSource” 。To copy data from Amazon Redshift, set the source type in the copy activity to AmazonRedshiftSource. 复制活动source部分支持以下属性：The following properties are supported in the copy activity source section:

示例：复制活动中使用 UNLOAD 的 Amazon Redshift 源Example: Amazon Redshift source in copy activity using UNLOAD

"source": {
    "type": "AmazonRedshiftSource",
    "query": "<SQL query>",
    "redshiftUnloadSettings": {
        "s3LinkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "<Amazon S3 linked service>",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        },
        "bucketName": "bucketForUnload"
    }
}

在下一节中，深入了解如何使用 UNLOAD 高效地从 Amazon Redshift 复制数据。Learn more on how to use UNLOAD to copy data from Amazon Redshift efficiently from next section.

使用 UNLOAD 从Amazon Redshift 复制数据Use UNLOAD to copy data from Amazon Redshift

UNLOAD 是 Amazon Redshift 提供的一种机制，可将查询结果卸载到 Amazon 简单存储服务 (Amazon S3) 上的一个或多个文件中。UNLOAD is a mechanism provided by Amazon Redshift, which can unload the results of a query to one or more files on Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Amazon 推荐使用此方式从 Redshift 复制大数据集。It is the way recommended by Amazon for copying large data set from Redshift.

示例：使用 UNLOAD、暂存复制和 PolyBase 将数据从 Amazon Redshift 复制到 Azure SQL 数据仓库Example: copy data from Amazon Redshift to Azure SQL Data Warehouse using UNLOAD, staged copy and PolyBase

对于此用例，复制活动按“redshiftUnloadSettings”中的配置将数据从 Amazon Redshift 卸载到 Amazon S3，然后按“stagingSettings”中指定的内容将数据从 Amazon S3 复制到 Azure Blob，最后使用 PolyBase 将数据载入 SQL 数据仓库。For this sample use case, copy activity unloads data from Amazon Redshift to Amazon S3 as configured in "redshiftUnloadSettings", and then copy data from Amazon S3 to Azure Blob as specified in "stagingSettings", lastly use PolyBase to load data into SQL Data Warehouse. 所有临时格式均由复制活动正确处理。All the interim format is handled by copy activity properly.

"activities":[
    {
        "name": "CopyFromAmazonRedshiftToSQLDW",
        "type": "Copy",
        "inputs": [
            {
                "referenceName": "AmazonRedshiftDataset",
                "type": "DatasetReference"
            }
        ],
        "outputs": [
            {
                "referenceName": "AzureSQLDWDataset",
                "type": "DatasetReference"
            }
        ],
        "typeProperties": {
            "source": {
                "type": "AmazonRedshiftSource",
                "query": "select * from MyTable",
                "redshiftUnloadSettings": {
                    "s3LinkedServiceName": {
                        "referenceName": "AmazonS3LinkedService",
                        "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
                    },
                    "bucketName": "bucketForUnload"
                }
            },
            "sink": {
                "type": "SqlDWSink",
                "allowPolyBase": true
            },
            "enableStaging": true,
            "stagingSettings": {
                "linkedServiceName": "AzureStorageLinkedService",
                "path": "adfstagingcopydata"
            },
            "dataIntegrationUnits": 32
        }
    }
]

Amazon Redshift 的数据类型映射Data type mapping for Amazon Redshift

从 Amazon Redshift 复制数据时，以下映射用于从 Amazon Redshift 数据类型映射到 Azure 数据工厂临时数据类型。When copying data from Amazon Redshift, the following mappings are used from Amazon Redshift data types to Azure Data Factory interim data types. 若要了解复制活动如何将源架构和数据类型映射到接收器，请参阅架构和数据类型映射。See Schema and data type mappings to learn about how copy activity maps the source schema and data type to the sink.

查找活动属性Lookup activity properties

若要了解有关属性的详细信息，请查看 Lookup 活动。To learn details about the properties, check Lookup activity.

后续步骤Next steps

有关 Azure 数据工厂中复制活动支持作为源和接收器的数据存储的列表，请参阅支持的数据存储。For a list of data stores supported as sources and sinks by the copy activity in Azure Data Factory, see supported data stores.