使用 Azure 数据工厂向/从 Azure 数据资源管理器复制数据Copy data to or from Azure Data Explorer by using Azure Data Factory

• 06/15/2020
• • W

适用于： Azure 数据工厂 Azure Synapse Analytics

本文介绍如何在 Azure 数据工厂中使用复制活动向/从 Azure 数据资源管理器复制数据。This article describes how to use the copy activity in Azure Data Factory to copy data to or from Azure Data Explorer. 本文是在总体概述复制活动的复制活动概述一文的基础之上编写的。It builds on the copy activity overview article, which offers a general overview of copy activity.

支持的功能Supported capabilities

以下活动支持此 Azure 数据资源管理器连接器：This Azure Data Explorer connector is supported for the following activities:

• 带有支持的源或接收器矩阵的复制活动Copy activity with supported source/sink matrix
• Lookup 活动Lookup activity

可以将数据从任何受支持的源数据存储复制到 Azure 数据资源管理器。You can copy data from any supported source data store to Azure Data Explorer. 可以将数据从 Azure 数据资源管理器复制到任何受支持的接收器数据存储。You can also copy data from Azure Data Explorer to any supported sink data store. 有关复制活动支持作为源或接收器的数据存储的列表，请参阅支持的数据存储表。For a list of data stores that the copy activity supports as sources or sinks, see the Supported data stores table.

使用 Azure 数据资源管理器连接器可执行以下操作：With the Azure Data Explorer connector, you can do the following:

• 将 Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) 应用程序令牌身份验证与服务主体配合使用来复制数据。Copy data by using Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) application token authentication with a service principal.
• 作为源时，请使用 KQL (Kusto) 查询来检索数据。As a source, retrieve data by using a KQL (Kusto) query.
• 作为接收器时，请将数据追加到目标表。As a sink, append data to a destination table.

入门Getting started

若要使用管道执行复制活动，可以使用以下工具或 SDK 之一：To perform the Copy activity with a pipeline, you can use one of the following tools or SDKs:

• 复制数据工具The Copy Data tool
• Azure 门户The Azure portal
• .NET SDKThe .NET SDK
• Python SDKThe Python SDK
• Azure PowerShellAzure PowerShell
• REST APIThe REST API
• Azure 资源管理器模板The Azure Resource Manager template

对于特定于 Azure 数据资源管理器连接器的数据工厂实体，以下部分提供了有关用于定义这些实体的属性的详细信息。The following sections provide details about properties that are used to define Data Factory entities specific to Azure Data Explorer connector.

链接服务属性Linked service properties

Azure 数据资源管理器连接器使用服务主体身份验证。The Azure Data Explorer connector uses service principal authentication. 遵循以下步骤获取服务主体并授予权限：Follow these steps to get a service principal and to grant permissions:

1. 遵循将应用程序注册到 Azure AD 租户中的步骤在 Azure Active Directory 中注册一个应用程序实体。Register an application entity in Azure Active Directory by following the steps in Register your application with an Azure AD tenant. 记下下面的值，这些值用于定义链接服务：Make note of the following values, which you use to define the linked service:

   • 应用程序 IDApplication ID
   • 应用程序密钥Application key
   • 租户 IDTenant ID

2. 在 Azure 数据资源管理器中为服务主体授予正确的权限。Grant the service principal the correct permissions in Azure Data Explorer. 有关角色和权限以及管理权限的详细信息，请参阅管理 Azure 数据资源管理器数据库权限。See Manage Azure Data Explorer database permissions for detailed information about roles and permissions and about managing permissions. 一般情况下，必须授予以下权限：In general, you must:

   • 作为源：至少向数据库授予“数据库查看者”角色 As source, grant at least the Database viewer role to your database
   • 作为接收器：至少向数据库授予“数据库引入者”角色 As sink, grant at least the Database ingestor role to your database

Azure 数据资源管理器链接服务支持以下属性：The following properties are supported for the Azure Data Explorer linked service:

链接服务属性示例：Linked service properties example:

{
    "name": "AzureDataExplorerLinkedService",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureDataExplorer",
        "typeProperties": {
            "endpoint": "https://<clusterName>.<regionName>.kusto.chinacloudapi.cn",
            "database": "<database name>",
            "tenant": "<tenant name/id e.g. microsoft.partner.onmschina.cn>",
            "servicePrincipalId": "<service principal id>",
            "servicePrincipalKey": {
                "type": "SecureString",
                "value": "<service principal key>"
            }
        }
    }
}

数据集属性Dataset properties

有关可用于定义数据集的各个部分和属性的完整列表，请参阅 Azure 数据工厂中的数据集。For a full list of sections and properties available for defining datasets, see Datasets in Azure Data Factory. 本部分列出了 Azure 数据资源管理器数据集支持的属性。This section lists properties that the Azure Data Explorer dataset supports.

若要将数据复制到 Azure 数据资源管理器，请将数据集的 type 属性设置为 AzureDataExplorerTable。To copy data to Azure Data Explorer, set the type property of the dataset to AzureDataExplorerTable.

支持以下属性：The following properties are supported:

数据集属性示例：Dataset properties example:

{
   "name": "AzureDataExplorerDataset",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureDataExplorerTable",
        "typeProperties": {
            "table": "<table name>"
        },
        "schema": [],
        "linkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "<Azure Data Explorer linked service name>",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        }
    }
}

复制活动属性Copy activity properties

有关可用于定义活动的各部分和属性的完整列表，请参阅 Azure 数据工厂中的管道和活动。For a full list of sections and properties available for defining activities, see Pipelines and activities in Azure Data Factory. 本部分提供了 Azure 数据资源管理器源和接收器支持的属性列表。This section provides a list of properties that Azure Data Explorer sources and sinks support.

Azure 数据资源管理器作为源Azure Data Explorer as source

若要从 Azure 数据资源管理器复制数据，请将复制活动源中的 type 属性设置为 AzureDataExplorerSource。To copy data from Azure Data Explorer, set the type property in the Copy activity source to AzureDataExplorerSource. 复制活动source部分支持以下属性：The following properties are supported in the copy activity source section:

示例：Example:

"activities":[
    {
        "name": "CopyFromAzureDataExplorer",
        "type": "Copy",
        "typeProperties": {
            "source": {
                "type": "AzureDataExplorerSource",
                "query": "TestTable1 | take 10",
                "queryTimeout": "00:10:00"
            },
            "sink": {
                "type": "<sink type>"
            }
        },
        "inputs": [
            {
                "referenceName": "<Azure Data Explorer input dataset name>",
                "type": "DatasetReference"
            }
        ],
        "outputs": [
            {
                "referenceName": "<output dataset name>",
                "type": "DatasetReference"
            }
        ]
    }
]

Azure 数据资源管理器作为接收器Azure Data Explorer as sink

若要将数据复制到 Azure 数据资源管理器，请将复制活动接收器中的 type 属性设置为 AzureDataExplorerSink。To copy data to Azure Data Explorer, set the type property in the copy activity sink to AzureDataExplorerSink. 复制活动接收器部分中支持以下属性 ：The following properties are supported in the copy activity sink section:

示例：Example:

"activities":[
    {
        "name": "CopyToAzureDataExplorer",
        "type": "Copy",
        "typeProperties": {
            "source": {
                "type": "<source type>"
            },
            "sink": {
                "type": "AzureDataExplorerSink",
                "ingestionMappingName": "<optional Azure Data Explorer mapping name>",
                "additionalProperties": {<additional settings for data ingestion>}
            }
        },
        "inputs": [
            {
                "referenceName": "<input dataset name>",
                "type": "DatasetReference"
            }
        ],
        "outputs": [
            {
                "referenceName": "<Azure Data Explorer output dataset name>",
                "type": "DatasetReference"
            }
        ]
    }
]

查找活动属性Lookup activity properties

有关属性的详细信息，请参阅查找活动。For more information about the properties, see Lookup activity.

后续步骤Next steps

• 有关 Azure 数据工厂中复制活动支持用作源和接收器的数据存储的列表，请参阅支持的数据存储。For a list of data stores that the copy activity in Azure Data Factory supports as sources and sinks, see supported data stores.

• 详细了解如何将数据从 Azure 数据工厂复制到 Azure 数据资源管理器。Learn more about how to copy data from Azure Data Factory to Azure Data Explorer.